ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2023
Free-water imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The IC-SNc neural circuit mediates prepulse inhibition deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease male mice.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Pedunculopontine-thalamic cholinergic projections in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Free water in the external globus pallidus predicts mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and is associated with serum neurofilament light chain levels.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Characteristics and mechanisms of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Multimodal diffusion MRI biomarkers of white matter alterations and clinical impairment in mTBI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pathway Anchored Multimodal Clustering Reveals Circuit Level Signatures in Parkinsons Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Association of choroid plexus volume, glymphatic system markers, and cognitive impairment in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Glymphatic, Structural, and Cognitive Changes During Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: A Longitudinal MRI Study.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Advanced brain aging, selective vulnerability in gray matter, and cognition in Parkinson's disease.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment of complementary white matter microstructural changes and grey matter atrophy in the 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson's disease.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Increased free water in the nucleus basalis of Meynert is associated with worse olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Association of free-water imaging data for the cholinergic nucleus with the motor function and subtypes in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment and vulnerability of cholinergic brain network in the Alzheimer's continuum: free-water imaging based on diffusion tensor imaging.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- LRRK2 mutation contributes to decreased free water in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in manifest and premanifest Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Integrity and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Reappraisal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Review
- Meso-cortical pathway damage in cognition, apathy and gait in cerebral small vessel disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cholinergic nucleus degeneration and its association with gait impairment in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Basal forebrain integrity, cholinergic innervation and cognition in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cholinergic basal forebrain system degeneration underlies postural instability/gait difficulty and attention impairment in Parkinson's disease.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Free-water imaging can predict and monitor dopamine system degeneration in people with Parkinson's disease. It can also enhance the sensitivity of traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics for indexing neurodegeneration. However, these tools are yet to be applied to investigate cholinergic system degeneration in Parkinson's disease, which involves both the pedunculopontine nucleus and cholinergic basal forebrain. Free-water imaging, free-water-corrected DTI and volumetry were used to extract structural metrics from the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in 99 people with Parkinson's disease and 46 age-matched controls. Cognitive ability was tracked over 4.5 years. Pearson's partial correlations revealed that free-water-corrected DTI metrics in the pedunculopontine nucleus were associated with performance on cognitive tasks that required participants to make rapid choices (behavioural flexibility). Volumetric, free-water content and DTI metrics in the cholinergic basal forebrain were elevated in a sub-group of people with Parkinson's disease with evidence of cognitive impairment, and linear mixed modelling revealed that these metrics were differently associated with current and future changes to cognition. Free water and free-water-corrected DTI can index cholinergic degeneration that could enable stratification of patients in clinical trials of cholinergic interventions for cognitive decline. In addition, degeneration of the pedunculopontine nucleus impairs behavioural flexibility in Parkinson's disease, which may explain this region's role in increased risk of falls.
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