Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35485000›Full record

Trial reportBrain and behavior2022

A digital intervention using virtual reality helmets to reduce dental anxiety of children under local anesthesia and primary teeth extraction: A randomized clinical trial.

Qin Du, Xinru Ma, Shasha Wang, Shiyu Zhou, Chunmei Luo, Kun Tian, Wei Fei, Xianghong Liu

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The influence of immersive tools on children's dental anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
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  16. AnJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Qin DuDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Xinru MaDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Shasha WangDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Shiyu ZhouDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Chunmei LuoDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Kun TianDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Wei FeiDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.
Xianghong LiuDepartment of Stomatology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9109-971X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBehavior management of children during dental treatment is an important but challenging issue. As a new technique, VR has been applied in pediatric dental anxiety. But there is no final conclusion whether VR reduces children's dental anxiety.

methodsThe aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a digital intervention using virtual reality (VR) helmets on dental anxiety, pain perception, and behavior triggered for children, as well as occurrence of simulator sickness in local anesthesia and primary teeth extraction. A total of 128 children, who needed primary teeth extraction under local anesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups: use VR helmets and traditional behavior guidance procedures (control). Modified Child Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale, Houpt Scale, and Simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) were used to assess children's dental anxiety, pain perception, and behavior triggered and occurrence of simulator sickness.

resultsCFSS-DS score in the VR group was significantly decreased after dental treatment (34.58±6.90 before operation and 32.32±15.58 after operation, p = .02). The score of Wong Baker Scale in the VR group (3.47±0.76) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.56±1.13, p = .015). There was no significant difference in the Houpt Behavior Scale score and the SSQ score between the VR group and the control group (p = .35, p = .305).

conclusionThe use of VR helmets in primary teeth extraction can significantly reduce dental anxiety and pain perception in children without occurrence of simulator sickness.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, LocalVirtual RealityAnxietyChildDental AnxietyHead Protective DevicesHumansTooth, Deciduouschild behaviordental anxietydistraction systemspain perceptionvirtual reality exposure therapy

Identifiers

PMID35485000
PMCPMC9226823

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.