Observational studyNature communications2022
Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Observational study in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Chronic Hyperglycemia and Glycemic Variability with Mortality in COVID-19: Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A prospective evaluation of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine on glycemic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Comprehensive management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and fungal infections after penetrating chest injury: a case of complex infection in a patient treated for a postinjury wound.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Body composition measurement and diabetes - A new perspective on development of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Genetic Variations in Bitter Taste Receptors and COVID-19 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections and Genetic Overlap with Other Diseases: A Study of the UK Biobank.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Polarized Macrophages Show Diverse Pro-Angiogenic Characteristics Under Normo- and Hyperglycemic Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Fracture Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Glycemic control and vaccine response: the role of mucosal immunity after vaccination in diabetic patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Glycemic management in patients with immune-related diabetes mellitus: A scoping review.SAGE open medicine · 2025Review
- The Predictive Value of Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 for Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Editorial: Mucosal immunity after vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine updates for people under different conditions.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Trajectory of Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Opportunities for Early and Late Treatment.Cells · 2024Review
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Diabetic Mice Spleen Vulnerability Contributes to Decreased Persistence of Antibody Production after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Transient Hyperglycemia in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccines and boosters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hungary (HUN-VE 4 Study).BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by blunted immune responses, which are affected by glycaemic control. Whether glycaemic control influences the response to COVID-19 vaccines and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections is unknown. Here we show that poor glycaemic control, assessed as mean HbA1c in the post-vaccination period, is associated with lower immune responses and an increased incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in T2D patients vaccinated with mRNA-BNT162b2. We report data from a prospective observational study enroling healthcare and educator workers with T2D receiving the mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in Campania (Italy) and followed for one year (5 visits, follow-up 346 ± 49 days) after one full vaccination cycle. Considering the 494 subjects completing the study, patients with good glycaemic control (HbA1c one-year mean < 7%) show a higher virus-neutralizing antibody capacity and a better CD4 + T/cytokine response, compared with those with poor control (HbA1c one-year mean ≥ 7%). The one-year mean of HbA1c is linearly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections (Beta = 0.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.032-0.103; p < 0.001). The comparison of patients with poor and good glycaemic control through Cox regression also show an increased risk for patients with poor control (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.261; 95% CI, 0.097-0.700; p = 0.008). Among other factors, only smoking (HR = 0.290, CI 0.146-0.576 for non-smokers; p < 0.001) and sex (HR = 0.105, CI 0.035-0.317 for females; p < 0.001) are significantly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.