ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2022
Odor-based context-dependent memory: influence of olfactory cues on declarative and nondeclarative memory indices.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing Multisensory Experience in CAVE Virtual Reality Through Olfactory Sensing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The order of multisensory associative sequences is reinstated as context feature during successful recognition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Verbal working memory performance and proactive interference are largely unaffected by matching font color reinstatement.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Using olfactory cues in text materials benefits delayed retention and schemata construction.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparing episodic memory outcomes from walking augmented reality and stationary virtual reality encoding experiences.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is not fully clear which memory functions are subject to an enhancing odor context reinstatement effect. Here, we tested whether congruent odor context during encoding and recall positively affected declarative and nondeclarative memory scores using a novel method for manipulation of an odorous environment; namely, intranasal Nosa plugs. Recall of a text and a complex figure as well as performance in a priming task were assessed immediately and 1 wk after encoding. We found that congruent odor exposure at encoding and recall aided free retrieval of a story at delayed testing but had no significant effect on a complex figure recall or a word completion task. Differences between the assessed memory indices suggest that olfactory environmental cues may be primarily efficient in free verbal recall tasks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.