Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35483014›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2022

Improving Data Surveillance Resilience Beyond COVID-19: Experiences of Primary heAlth Care quAlity Cohort In ChinA (ACACIA) Using Unannounced Standardized Patients.

Dong Roman Xu, Yiyuan Cai, Xiaohui Wang, Yaolong Chen, Wenjie Gong, Jing Liao, Jifang Zhou, Zhongliang Zhou, Nan Zhang, Chengxiang Tang and 8 more

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Article in American journal of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  6. Quality of asynchronous webchatsThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024
    Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Dong Roman XuDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yiyuan CaiDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaohui WangDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yaolong ChenDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wenjie GongDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jing LiaoDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jifang ZhouDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zhongliang ZhouDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Nan ZhangDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chengxiang TangDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Baibing MiDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yun LuDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruixin WangDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Qing ZhaoDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wenjun HeDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Huijuan LiangDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jinghua LiDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jay PanDong (Roman) Xu is with SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China. Yiyuan Cai is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Xiaohui Wang is with the Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Yaolong Chen is with the Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Wenjie Gong is with HER Team and the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. Jing Liao and Jinghua Li are with the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Jifang Zhou is with the School of International Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Zhongliang Zhou is with the School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Nan Zhang and Huijuan Liang are with the School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. Chengxiang Tang is with the Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Baibing Mi is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China. Yun Lu is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. Ruixin Wang is with the Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jay Pan is with HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We analyzed COVID-19 influences on the design, implementation, and validity of assessing the quality of primary health care using unannounced standardized patients (USPs) in China. Because of the pandemic, we crowdsourced our funding, removed tuberculosis from the USP case roster, adjusted common cold and asthma cases, used hybrid online-offline training for USPs, shared USPs across provinces, and strengthened ethical considerations. With those changes, we were able to conduct fieldwork despite frequent COVID-19 interruptions. Furthermore, the USP assessment tool maintained high validity in the quality checklist (criteria), USP role fidelity, checklist completion, and physician detection of USPs. Our experiences suggest that the pandemic created not only barriers but also opportunities to innovate ways to build a resilient data collection system. To build data system reliance, we recommend harnessing the power of technology for a hybrid model of remote and in-person work, learning from the sharing economy to pool strengths and optimize resources, and dedicating individual and group leadership to problem-solving and results. (

Indexed as

AcaciaCOVID-19ChinaHumansPandemicsQuality of Health Care

Identifiers

PMID35483014
PMCPMC9137008

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