ArticleJCI insight2022
Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.
Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent changes to adult national immunization programs for pneumococcal vaccination in Europe and how they impact coverage: A systematic review of published and grey literature.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine, CoronaVac, on blood coagulation and glucose: a randomized, controlled, open-label phase IV clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Revisiting endothelial tropism of SARS-CoV-2 using a cell-specific hACE2 mouse model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in ECMO patients in Qatar: the CLEAN-Q seven-year retrospective cohort study : CLEAN-Q stands for clinical landscape and epidemiology of acquired nosocomial infections in ECMO patients in Qatar.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Research progress on the current status of respiratory pathogen infections and their detection methods.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2-International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- PRRSV promotes bacterial infection by remodeling actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane proteins.mBio · 2025Article
- Orthogonal CRISPR/Cas system facilitated dual-color fluorescence fiber-embedded optofluidic nano-biochip for parallel amplification-free on-site detection of bacterium and virus.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Application of Humanized MHC Transgenic Mice in the Screening of HLA-Restricted T Cell Epitopes for Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Observational
- Editorial: Immune correlates of protection: Insight into microbial co-infection with special emphasis on influenza-Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Altered Respiratory Microbiomes, Plasma Metabolites, and Immune Responses in Influenza A Virus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- NEDD4 Regulated Pyroptosis Occurred from Co-infection between Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and Its Bacterial Co- or Super-Infections Synergize to Trigger COVID-19 Autoimmune Cardiopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- From Co-Administration to Co-Formulation: The Race for New Vaccines against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Viruses.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Complementary Sets of Autoantibodies Induced by SARS-CoV-2, Adenovirus and Bacterial Antigens Cross-React with Human Blood Protein Antigens in COVID-19 Coagulopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Secondary infections are frequent complications of viral respiratory infections, but the potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with common pulmonary pathogens is poorly understood. We report that coinfection of human ACE2-transgenic mice with sublethal doses of SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae results in synergistic lung inflammation and lethality. Mortality was observed regardless of whether SARS-CoV-2 challenge occurred before or after establishment of sublethal pneumococcal infection. Increased bacterial levels following coinfection were associated with alveolar macrophage depletion, and treatment with murine GM-CSF reduced numbers of lung bacteria and pathology and partially protected from death. However, therapeutic targeting of IFNs, an approach that is effective against influenza coinfections, failed to increase survival. Combined vaccination against both SARS-CoV-2 and pneumococci resulted in 100% protection against subsequent coinfection. The results indicate that when seasonal respiratory infections return to prepandemic levels, they could lead to an increased incidence of lethal COVID-19 superinfections, especially among the unvaccinated population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.