ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2022
Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Associations Between Motor Competence and Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Relations among daily symptoms of depression.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- The role of microRNAs in executive functions: a comprehensive review and bioinformatics analysis of human and animal studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Examining early inhibitory control and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Associations Among Bullying Victimization, Executive Functions, and Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Executive Functioning Scale and the Daily Living Skills Scale in Children and Adolescents.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026Article
- From microbes to milestones: Gut bacterial abundances and functional pathways associate with neurodevelopment following preterm birth.Gut microbiology · 2026Article
- The unity and diversity of functional brain connectivity underlying executive function tasks.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Positive and negative maternal mental health demonstrate distinct pathways to childhood depression.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Daily executive function in children and adolescents with non-syndromic craniosynostosis: association with timing of surgical intervention.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Executive Dysfunction and Depression Risk in Adolescence: Functional-MRI Analysis of Transient Network States During a Working Memory Task.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Relationship Between Self-Reported Executive Function and Mental Health in Early Adolescence.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Executive Dysfunction Across Anxiety Severity Level: Evidence for Cognitive Plateau.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Investigating hierarchical critical periods in human neurodevelopment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Inconclusive prospective associations between food insecurity, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms: a comment on Baek and Yoon (2026).Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Measurement of executive functioning in pre-school aged children in India: a scoping review.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Children Facing the Unknown: An Italian Study Using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale- Parent (IUS-P).Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Performance-Based Executive Functions Predict Internalising but Not Externalising Maladaptive Behaviour in Students With ID.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Article
- The Potential Mediating Role of Good Mental Health on the Relationship Between Low Physical Activity and High Screen Time with Executive Functions in Chilean Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known.
methodsA community sample of Norwegian children (n = 874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Teacher-report and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (age 6; parents) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (ages 8-14; children and parents). Prospective reciprocal relations were examined using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model that adjusts for all unobserved time-invariant confounders.
resultsEven when time-invariant confounders were accounted for, reduced executive functions predicted increased symptoms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) 2 years later, even when previous changes in these symptoms were adjusted for. The level of prediction (B = .83, 95% CI [.37, 1.3]) was not different for different disorders or ages. Conversely, reduced executive functions were predicted by increased symptoms of all disorders (B = .01, 95% CI [.01, .02]).
conclusionsReduced executive functioning may be involved in the etiology of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD to an equal extent. Moreover, increased depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD may negatively impact executive functioning.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.