Observational studyBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2022
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study.
Observational study in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saliva is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection after vaccination: A rapid systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity of bivalent omicron (BA.1) booster vaccination after different priming regimens in health-care workers in the Netherlands (SWITCH ON): results from the direct boost group of an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- A dimeric mRNA vaccine based on key-mutant and KP.3 RBDs induces broad-spectrum immunity and protects mice against JN.1 and XDV challenges.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Optimizing vaccine site locations while considering travel inconvenience and public health outcomes.Health care management science · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 vaccination and mortality: a cross-national path analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Opinions, Attitudes, and Hesitancy Concern the Vaccination for COVID-19 Among Students of 'Alexander Xhuvani' University, Elbasan.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Article
- ApoE4 Homozygosity Is Associated With Increased Microglia Activation in Fatal COVID-19.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2025Article
- Simulating nationwide coupled disease and fear spread in an agent-based model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Local Health Department COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts and Associated Outcomes: Evidence from Jefferson County, Kentucky.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Rural-Urban Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Associated Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in the United States.Vaccines · 2025Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination Still Makes Sense: Insights on Pneumonia Risk and Hospitalization from a Large-Scale Study at an Academic Tertiary Center in Italy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Modelling the interplay between responsive individual vaccination decisions and the spread of SARS-CoV-2.Epidemics · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccines with RBD mutations have broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Recognition and cleavage of human tRNA methyltransferase TRMT1 by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.eLife · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and COVID-19 vaccination uptake: Examining the intersection of sex and urban-rural residence.PloS one · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and safety to SARS-Cov-2 vaccination in patients with systemic vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of vaccination, testing, and public restriction policies in COVID-19 mortality and incidence: insights from Global Burden of Disease regions.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the impact of vaccine scale-up on population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the United States.
designObservational study.
settingUS county level case surveillance and vaccine administration data reported from 14 December 2020 to 18 December 2021.
participantsResidents of 2558 counties from 48 US states.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was county covid-19 mortality rates (deaths/100 000 population/county week). The secondary outcome was incidence of covid-19 (cases/100 000 population/county week). Incidence rate ratios were used to compare rates across vaccination coverage levels. The impact of a 10% improvement in county vaccination coverage (defined as at least one dose of a covid-19 vaccine among adults ≥18 years of age) was estimated During the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance, the impact of very low (0-9%), low (10-39%), medium (40-69%), and high (≥70%) vaccination coverage levels was compared.
resultsIn total, 30 643 878 cases of covid-19 and 439 682 deaths associated with covid-19 occurred over 132 791 county weeks. A 10% improvement in vaccination coverage was associated with an 8% (95% confidence interval 8% to 9%) reduction in mortality rates and a 7% (6% to 8%) reduction in incidence. Higher vaccination coverage levels were associated with reduced mortality and incidence rates during the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance.
conclusionsHigher vaccination coverage was associated with lower rates of population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the US.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.