ArticleBMC cancer2022
The identification of liver metastasis- and prognosis-associated genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safe and Effective Histotripsy Ablation of Human Liver Tumors in a Genetically Modified Porcine Model.Cancers · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting early death in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a study based on the SEER database.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Antimetastatic effects of MRTX1133 KRAS G12D specific inhibitor in a liver metastatic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Vicious Cycle in the Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Interventions.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Deciphering the liver's role in pancreatic cancer metastasis: pathways and therapeutic approaches.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Mathematical strategies for predicting resistant subpopulations from scRNAseq data of a PANC-1 3D tissue model: Insight into gemcitabine resistance and TGFB1-induced invasion and EMT.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Exploring heterogeneity: a dive into preclinical models of cancer cachexia.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Review
- A novel algorithm to differentiate between primary lung tumors and distant liver metastasis in lung cancers using an exosome based multi gene biomarker panel.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Optimization of a mouse model of pancreatic cancer to simulate the human phenotypes of metastasis and cachexia.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Chemokine Receptor 2 Targeted PET/CT Imaging Distant Metastases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Editorial: Novel immunological characteristics and immunotherapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an often fatal malignancy with an extremely low survival rate. Liver metastasis, which causes high mortality, is the most common recurring metastasis for PDAC. However, the mechanisms underlying this liver metastasis and associated candidate biomarkers are unknown.
methodsWe performed mRNA profiling comparisons in 8 primary tumors (T) and 12 liver metastases (M) samples using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After determining differentially expressed genes (DEG), gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to determine DEG functions. Then, Cytoscape was used to screen out significant hub genes, after which their clinical relevance was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) resources. Furthermore, prognosis-associated gene expression was validated using Oncomine and TCGA database. Lastly, associations between prognosis-associated genes, immune cells and immunological checkpoint genes were evaluated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).
resultsIn total, 102 genes were related to liver metastasis and predominantly involved in cell migration, motility, and adhesion. Using Cytoscape, this number was narrowed down to 16 hub genes. Elevated mRNA expression levels for two of these genes, SPARC (P = 0.019) and TPM1 (P = 0.037) were significantly correlated with poor disease prognosis. For the remaining 14, expression was not related to overall patient survival. SPARC had higher expression in patients with metastatic PDAC than those with non-metastatic PDAC in TCGA dataset. SPARC and TPM1 levels were also positively correlated with the immune infiltration of specific cell types. Additionally, both genes exhibited strong co-expression associations with immune checkpoint genes.
conclusionsCombined, we suggest SPARC has high potential as biomarker to predict liver metastasis during PDAC. Additionally, both SPARC and TPM1 appeared to recruit and regulate immune-infiltrating cells during these pathophysiological processes.
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