ArticlePloS one2022
Changes in social environment due to the state of emergency and Go To campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: An ecological study.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decline in and recovery of fertility rates after COVID-19-related state of emergency in Japan.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated with the COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary School Children: An Ecological Study in Osaka City, Japan.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel indicator for the spread of new coronavirus disease 2019 and its association with human mobility in Japan.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Analyzing the changing relationship between personal consumption and suicide mortality during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, using governmental and personal consumption transaction databases.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Self-restraint, subsidy, and stock market reactions to the coronavirus outbreak: Evidence from the Japanese restaurant industry.PloS one · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan, the state of emergency, as a public health measure to control the spread of COVID-19, and the Go To campaign, which included the Go To Travel and Go To Eat campaigns and was purposed to stimulate economic activities, were implemented. This study investigated the impact of these government policies on COVID-19 spread.
methodsThis ecological study included all 47 prefectures in Japan as samples between February 3 and December 27, 2020. We used COVID-19 cases and mobility as variables. Additionally, places where social contacts could accrue, defined as restaurants, companies, transportation, and tourist spots; mean temperature and humidity; the number of inhabitants in their twenties to fifties; and the number of COVID-19 cases in the previous period, which were factors or covariates in the graphical modeling analysis, were divided into five periods according to the timing of the implementation of the state of emergency and Go To campaign.
resultsGraphical changes occurred throughout all five periods of COVID-19. During the state of emergency (period 2), a correlation between COVID-19 cases and those before the state of emergency (period 1) was observed, although this correlation was not significant in the period after the state of emergency was lifted (period 3). During the implementation of Go To Travel and the Go To Eat campaigns (period 5), the number of places where social contacts could accrue was correlated with COVID-19 cases, with complex associations and mobility.
conclusionsThis study confirms that the state of emergency affected the control of COVID-19 spread and that the Go To campaign led to increased COVID-19 cases due to increased mobility by changing behavior in the social environment where social contacts potentially accrue.
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