ReviewEuropean journal of immunology2022
Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathological heterogeneity and its implications.
Review in European journal of immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise and Pain in Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Shedding Light on Interaction Between Neurological Symptoms and Psychiatric Episodes in Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Hypothesis and Therapeutic Avenues.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association of angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 serum level and gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The relationship between depression, anxiety, and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study from western Iran.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Advanced immunotherapy across diseases and the role of artificial intelligence: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Hematopoietic monoamine oxidase A deficiency exacerbates neuroinflammation and demyelination in female but not male mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota modulates CNS barrier function in murine model for multiple sclerosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Engineered GLP-1R-targeting nanoplatforms: multimodal therapeutics in human diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Longitudinal changes in sleep quality, and their predictors in patients with multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Investigating Balance Perception and Balance Performance in Neurological Disorders for Targeted Rehabilitation Strategies.Physical therapy · 2025Observational
- Mapping the complexity of multiple sclerosis: a novel perspective on genetic, environmental, and neurobiological insights.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (Non-coding RNA · 2025Article
- Modulator of VRAC Current 1 Is a Potential Target Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Spatial structural abnormality maps associated with cognitive and physical performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.European radiology · 2025Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness does not predict longitudinal changes in manual dexterity, cognition or corticospinal excitability in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain-derived blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis-current trends and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with brain organoids: from development to disease applications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MS is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS. For the past decades, several immunomodulatory disease-modifying treatments with multiple presumed mechanisms of action have been developed, but MS remains an incurable disease. Whereas high efficacy, at least in early disease, corroborates underlying immunopathophysiology, there is profound heterogeneity in clinical presentation as well as immunophenotypes that may also vary over time. In addition, functional plasticity in the immune system as well as in the inflamed CNS further contributes to disease heterogeneity. In this review, we will highlight immune-pathophysiological and associated clinical heterogeneity that may have an implication for more precise immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies in MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.