ArticleRevista de saude publica2022
Episiotomy in Southern Brazil: prevalence, trend, and associated factors.
Article in Revista de saude publica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Episiotomy Practice and Associated Factors in Brazil: A Systematic Review.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Pooled it
- Restrictive approach to episiotomy and the risk of third- and fourth-grade perineal tears: An analytical cross-sectional study at a rural tertiary hospital in South Africa.Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa · 2026Article
- Incidence of Episiotomy in Kasr Alainy OBGYN Hospital in Cairo, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2025Article
- [Frequency of episiotomy practice in an institution in Quito, Ecuador 2009-2022].Revista colombiana de obstetricia y ginecologia · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify and analyze the prevalence, trend, and factors associated with episiotomy in Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil.
methodsA single, standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women, residents in the municipality of Rio Grande, who had children in local hospitals between January 1 and December 12 of the years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 e 2019. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were investigated, as well as the assistance received during pregnancy and delivery. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used for multivariable analysis. Prevalence ratio (PR) was used as effect measure.
resultsAmong the 12,645 births that occurred in the five years, 5,714 (45.2%) were vaginal delivery. Of these mothers, 2,930 (51.3%; 95%CI: 50.0%-52.6%) underwent episiotomy. Over this period, the episiotomy rate decreased from 70.9% (68.4-73.5) in 2007 to 19.4% (17.1-21.7) in 2019. Adjusted analysis showed a high PR of episiotomy occurrence among women who were young (PR = 2.23; 95%CI: 1.89-2.63), had higher education (PR = 1.21; 95%Cl: 1.03-1.42), had a higher family income (PR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.10-1.41), were primiparous (PR = 3.41; 95%CI: 2.95-3.95), had prenatal care in the private sector (PR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.07-1.46), had oxytocin-induced labor (PR = 1.18; 95%CI:1.09-1.27), underwent forceps (PR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.16-1.50), and whose newborn weighed 4,000 g or more (PR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.14-1.80).
conclusionAlthough the prevalence of episiotomy fell sharply within the studied period, its occurrence is more likely among women at lower risk of birth complications.
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