ReviewExpert opinion on drug safety2022
Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability.
Review in Expert opinion on drug safety, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of esketamine in reducing nausea and vomiting after anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of perioperative esketamine administration on the incidence of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Continuous ketamine infusion for surgical patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with GRADE assessment.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine-Lidocaine for Anesthesia Induction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Ketamine for Depression in Serious Illness: Evidence, Safety, and Practical Approaches.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2026Review
- Article
- Clinical research progress of esketamine in perioperative neuroprotection: from mechanisms to therapeutic neuroprotection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of (R)-Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, a Novel Rapid-Acting Antidepressant, in Healthy Chinese Subjects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Preliminary Investigation Into the Antidepressant Effects of a Novel Curcumin Analogue (CACN136) In Vitro and In Vivo.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Anesthetic implications of psychotropic medications: a narrative review.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2025Article
- Effects of perioperative intravenous lidocaine and esketamine on the quality of recovery and emotional state of patients after thyroidectomy: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2024Article
- Esketamine Nasal Spray: Rapid Relief for TRD and Suicide Prevention-Mechanisms and Pharmacodynamics.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Post-Partum Depression Lactating Rat Model for Evaluating Ketamine's Safety as a Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment: Roles in Cardiac and Urinary Function.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRacemic ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine, has been used as a dissociative anesthetic since 1970. In 2000, the first randomized controlled trial showed a rapid relief of depressive symptoms. Since then, intravenous ketamine and intranasal S-ketamine have been validated for the treatment of depression and suicidal ideation following dose-response and double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials. In clinical practice, after dose titration and with repeated treatments, patients may experience approximately 2-3 weeks of symptomatic relief from depression. AREAS COVERED: Areas covered in this narrative review include mechanism of action, dosing, safety, and tolerability. Some attention is paid to the possibility of R-ketamine as a future antidepressant. EXPERT OPINION: We recommend further investigation into treatment dosing and frequency strategies as well as approaches that prolong the therapeutic effects. The current fixed dosing of esketamine for obese individuals may be insufficient. Additional investigation into co-administration with somatic and neuromodulation treatments needs investigation. Finally, continuing to monitor research subjects and patients long-term for the emergence of adverse effects on cognition or other organ systems is critical.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.