ArticleMilitary Medical Research2022
Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition).
Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph
Article in Military Medical Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06665399 (Observation Alone for Mild Non-Lactational Mastitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
17.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Observation Alone for Mild Non-Lactational Mastitis: A Cohort Study.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Tolerability of Methotrexate for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The breast journal · 2026Pooled it
- Intralesional Steroid Injections for Management of Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review of Treatment Protocols and Clinical Outcomes.The breast journal · 2025Pooled it
- Granulomatous mastitis, erythema nodosum, and arthritis syndrome: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment modalities for granulomatous mastitis, seeking the most appropriate treatment with the least recurrence rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis treatments for remission and recurrence prevention.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Factors Affecting Recurrence of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review.The breast journal · 2023Pooled it
- Ductal lavage followed by observation versus oral corticosteroids in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A randomized trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as first-line therapy for treatment-naïve granulomatous lobular mastitis: an exploratory real-world study with propensity score-matching analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Utility of intercostal artery perforator flap in granulomatous lobular mastitis: a single-center retrospective study.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Microwave Ablation for Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- An endocrine microbe immunity framework for granulomatous mastitis toward phenotype-oriented interpretation.iScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Clinical factors of prolonged treatment duration in patients with non-puerperal mastitis.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Small-incision, point-by-point debridement combined with double-cannula negative-pressure irrigation and drainage for granulomatous mastitis: A single-center retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress-Related DNA Damage in Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Prospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pittsburgh Classification and Treatment Algorithm for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.European journal of breast health · 2026Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A narrative review based on the Turkish consensus classification.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
66 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Qian-Qian YuanDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Shu-Yuan XiaoDepartment of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Omar FaroukDepartment of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Yu-Tang DuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
Fereshte SheybaniDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177899191, Iran.
Qing Ting TanBreast Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
Sami AkbulutDepartment of Surgery, Department of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
Kenan CetinDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey.
Afsaneh AlikhassiDepartment of Radiology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
Rami Jalal YaghanDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University-Bahrain, Manama, 26671, Bahrain.
Irmak Durur-SubasiDepartment of Radiology, International Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
Fatih AltintoprakDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54050, Sakarya, Turkey.
Tae Ik EomDepartment of Surgery, HiU Clinic, 170, Gwongwang-ro, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16488, Korea.
Fatih AlperDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Mustafa HasbahceciAcademic Support and Education Center, Hırkai Serif District, Kececi Cesmesi Str, Doktorlar Building, B/7, 34091, Istanbul, Turkey.
David Martínez-RamosDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital General Castellon, Avda Benicassim S/N, 12812004, Castellón, Spain.
Pelin Seher OztekinRadiology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 305018, Ankara, Turkey.
Ava KwongDepartment of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.
Cedric W Pluguez-TurullUniversity of Miami Health System and Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Kirstyn E BrownsonDepartment of Surgery, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Shirish ChandanwaleDepartment of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, 603203, India.
Mehran HabibiDepartment of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Breast Center at Bayview Campus, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Rm. A-562, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Liu-Yi LanDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Rui ZhouDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xian-Tao ZengCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Jiao BaiDepartment of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Jun-Wen BaiDepartment of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
Qiong-Rong ChenCenter for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xing ChenDepartment of General Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
Xiao-Ming ZhaThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Wen-Jie DaiKey Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery and the First Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150007, China.
Zhi-Jun DaiDepartment of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Qin-Yu FengDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Qing-Jun GaoDepartment of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
Run-Fang GaoDepartment of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
Bao-San HanDepartment of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Jin-Xuan HouDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Wei HouDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zaoyang People's Hospital, Zaoyang, 441299, Hubei, China.
Hai-Ying LiaoDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050004, China.
Hong LuoDepartment of General Surgery, Guangshan County People's Hospital, Guangshan County, Xinxiang, 465499, Henan, China.
Zheng-Ren LiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
Jing-Hua LuChinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China.
Bin LuoDepartment of General Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
Xiao-Peng MaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230001, China.
Jun QianDepartment of Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
Jian-Yong QinDepartment of Oncology, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
Wei WeiDepartment of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
Gang WeiDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Li-Ying XuDepartment of Computed Tomography, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Hui-Chao XueDepartment of General Surgery, Xinxiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China.
Hua-Wei YangDepartment of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China.
Wei-Ge YangDepartment of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Chao-Jie ZhangDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China.
Fan ZhangDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China.
Guan-Xin ZhangDepartment of General Surgery, Qinghai Province People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China.
Shao-Kun ZhangDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Shu-Qun ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, China.
Ye-Qiang ZhangDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zaoyang First People's Hospital, Zaoyang, 441299, Hubei, China.
Yue-Peng ZhangDepartment of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Sheng-Chu ZhangDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China.
Dai-Wei ZhaoDepartment of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, 556000, Guizhou, China.
Xiang-Min ZhengDepartment of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
Le-Wei ZhengDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Gao-Ran XuDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Wen-Bo ZhouDepartment of Surgery, Dongfeng General Hospital Affiliated with Hubei Medical College, Shiyan, 442001, Hubei, China.
Gao-Song WuDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. wugaosongtj@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-7080
Wuhan University · CNQingdao University · CNGuiyang Medical University · CNArabian Gulf University · BHAtatürk University · TRBeijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital · CNBeijing University of Chinese Medicine · CNÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi · TRChinese Academy of Sciences · CNChinese University of Hong Kong · HKDongfeng General Hospital · CNDr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre · INFirst Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University · CNFudan University · CNFujian Provincial Hospital · CNGuangxi Medical University · CNGuangzhou Liwan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital · CNHarbin Medical University · CNHebei Medical University · CNHospital General Universitari de Castelló · ES
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
Indexed as
Granulomatous MastitisBreastConsensusFemaleHumansRecurrenceDiagnosisGranulomatous lobular mastitisGranulomatous mastitisIdiopathic granulomatous mastitisTreatment
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT06665399ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.