ArticleBMC medicine2022
Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk: examining differential exposure and susceptibility to risk factors.
Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A service evaluation of the uptake and effectiveness of a digital delivery of the NHS health check service.BMJ open · 2024Trial
- Predicting common cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes after new-onset atrial fibrillation: an analysis from a UK nationwide primary-secondary care linkage dataset.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- GWAS reveals common SLX4 variants associated with telomere length and hypertension in individuals of African ancestry.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult residents of London: the TOGETHER study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of repeated hot water immersion on microvascular function, glycaemic control and inflammation in White European and South Asian males.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Short-Term Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution and Outpatient and Emergency Visits for Hypertension: A DLNM-Based Time-Series Analysis in Baise, Guangxi, China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- The relationship between resistance exercise and cardiometabolic health: a cross-sectional analysis of the 1970 British cohort study.Sport sciences for health · 2026Article
- Ethnicity, subjective wellbeing, and cardiovascular disease: insights from path and machine learning analyses using data from the UK biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Accessing equitable menopause care in the contemporary NHS: a qualitative study of women's experiences.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Identifying lifestyle risk factors that discriminate memory trajectories: Differential findings across racial and ethnic groups in older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health Among Healthcare Students of South Asian Heritage in the UK: A Qualitative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Burden on Cognitive Health.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates Using the New Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events Equations: Implications for Statin Use.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Tailoring cardiovascular risk prediction to females.The Journal of endocrinology · 2025Review
- Neighbourhood deprivation and cardiometabolic outcomes in the UK Biobank: differences by sex and ethnicity.Open heart · 2025Article
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in regions of non-Western populations: a systematic literature search and scoping review.European heart journal open · 2025Review
- Co-Designing Recipe Resources to Support Healthy Eating in African-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom: An Academic and Community Partnership Approach.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Mediating and moderating effects of plasma proteomic biomarkers on the association between poor oral health problems and brain white matter microstructural integrity: the UK Biobank study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effect of acute hot water immersion on cutaneous peripheral microvascular responses in males of White-European, Black-African and South-Asian descent.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEthnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have been known for decades, but a systematic exploration of how exposure and susceptibility to risk factors may contribute is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of differential exposure and susceptibility between South Asian, Black, and White individuals.
methodsThis is a population-based prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants with a median follow-up of 11.3 years. The association between ethnic group and CVD risk was studied. Additional risk factors were then adjusted to examine mediations. Moderation analysis was conducted to identify whether risk factors had a stronger association in the ethnic minority groups. Population attributable fractions were also calculated to quantify the relative contributions of risk factors for each ethnic group.
resultsWhen adjusted for only age and sex, there was a higher risk of CVD among South Asian (n=8815; HR [95% CI] 1.69 [1.59-1.79]) and Black (n=7526; HR [95% CI] 1.12 [1.03-1.22]) compared with White participants (n=434,809). The excess risk of Black participants was completely attenuated following adjustment for deprivation. Compared with White participants, the associations of BMI, triglycerides, and HbA1c with CVD were stronger in South Asians. Adiposity was attributable to the highest proportion of CVD regardless of ethnicity. Smoking had the second largest contribution to CVD among White and Black participants, and HbA1c among South Asian participants.
conclusionsAdiposity is an important risk factor for CVD regardless of ethnicity. Ethnic inequalities in CVD incidence may be best tackled by targeting interventions according to ethnic differences in risk profiles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.