ArticleBMC public health2022
Cross-sectional association of light sensor-measured time outdoors with physical activity and gross motor competency among U.S. preschool-aged children: the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early Childhood Behavioral and Social-Emotional Development Among Asian Indian, Filipino, and Korean Families in the United States: A Pilot Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Music and physical activity in early childhood: the ambiguous role of the at-home context and extracurricular activities.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- A systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationships between active outdoor play and 24-hour movement behaviors.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Review
- Validity of the Movement Behavior Questionnaire-Child (MBQ-C) Physical Activity Domain among Toddlers.Research square · 2025Article
- Trajectories of Physical Activity and Screen Media Use in Toddlers and Related Parenting Practices: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS).Research square · 2025Article
- Differential impacts of physical activity volume and intensity on blood lead levels in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sex differences in physical activity dose-response effects on site-specific bone mineral density during childhood and adolescence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Motor Skill Development at Preschool Age in Girls and Boys: The Role of Outdoor Free Play.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Validity of the PROMISThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Sex differences in physical activity of US children at age 13 months: child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Physical Activity of US children at age 13 months: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS).Research square · 2024Article
- Time Playing Outdoors Among Children Aged 3-5 Years: National Survey of Children's Health, 2021.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- High ambient temperatures associations with children and young adult injury emergency department visits in NYC.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2023Article
- Latent Transition Analysis of Motor Development Patterns in Preschoolers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Examination of physical activity development in early childhood: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study of mother-toddler dyads.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Physical Activity among U.S. Preschool-Aged Children: Application of Machine Learning Physical Activity Classification to the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Observational
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTime spent outdoors (outdoor time) has been suggested to be beneficial for physical activity (PA) and healthy development among preschool-aged children. The aim of this study was to quantify PA level and gross motor competency associated with light sensor-measured daily outdoor time in a representative sample of U.S. children aged 3 to 5 years.
methodsThe study sample included 301 participants (149 girls) aged 3 to 5 years from the 2012 U.S. National Health and Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers with a built-in ambient light sensor were used to measure PA (expressed in monitor-independent movement summary [MIMS]) and outdoor time. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess gross motor skills. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to predict daily and gross motor scores by daily outdoor time.
resultsAverage daily outdoor time was 95 min (median of 84 min; interquartile range of 52 to 123 min). Means of daily outdoor time and daily MIMS were not significantly different between boys and girls. Among girls, every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with an additional 540 daily total MIMS (95% CI = 372, 708). Among boys, every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with an additional 296 daily total MIMS (95% CI = 131, 460). Every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with a 0.1-point (95% CI = 0.001, 0.130) higher object control standard score. Daily outdoor time was not associated with a locomotor standard score.
conclusionsIn a representative sample of U.S. preschool-aged children, daily outdoor time was positively associated with daily PA. The contribution of outdoor time to PA was greater among girls than boys, suggesting that providing outdoor opportunities is critical for promoting PA, particularly among girls.
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