Observational studyPLoS medicine2022
Polygenic scores, diet quality, and type 2 diabetes risk: An observational study among 35,759 adults from 3 US cohorts.
Observational study in PLoS medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies and Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Epigenetic and genetic factors modifying the association between diet quality and incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Potsdam cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of genetic risk and physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Changes in eating behavior traits and diet in older prediabetic men during a 3-year lifestyle intervention.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Coevolution of Human Diet and Gut Microbiome: Implications for Nutrigenomics and Cross-Population Health.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Diet-Genetic Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: Comparing Polygenic Risk in Rice- and Wheat-Consuming Populations.Nutrition and metabolic insights · 2026Article
- Clinical use of polygenic scores in type 2 diabetes: challenges and possibilities.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Gene-Diet Interactions in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Insights and the Potential of Personalized Nutrition.Genes · 2025Review
- Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Lifestyle Factors as Perceived Causes of Psychological Distress: Implications for Mental Health Stigma.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Dietary patterns and obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes risk in elderly Chinese men: a machine learning approach.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Genetic Risk, Healthy Lifestyle Adherence, and Risk of Developing Diabetes in the Japanese Population.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- Diet Quality and Eating Frequency Were Associated with Insulin-Taking Status among Adults.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Machine learning reveals heterogeneous associations between environmental factors and cardiometabolic diseases across polygenic risk scores.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Higher Genetic Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With a Faster Decline of β-Cell Function in an East Asian Population.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, and cooked vegetables consumption associated with progression trajectory of type 2 diabetes: a multi-state analysis of a prospective cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Lessons and Applications of Omics Research in Diabetes Epidemiology.Current diabetes reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which there is a synergistic effect of the 2 factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the joint associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND
findingsWe analyzed data from 35,759 men and women in the United States participating in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I (1986 to 2016) and II (1991 to 2017) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986 to 2016) with available genetic data and who did not have diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Genetic risk was characterized using both a global polygenic score capturing overall genetic risk and pathway-specific polygenic scores denoting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders. With over 902,386 person-years of follow-up, 4,433 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 1.32; P < 0.001) per standard deviation (SD) increase in global polygenic score and 1.13 (1.09, 1.17; P < 0.001) per 10-unit decrease in AHEI. Irrespective of genetic risk, low diet quality, as compared to high diet quality, was associated with approximately 30% increased risk of type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction = 0.69). The joint association of low diet quality and increased genetic risk was similar to the sum of the risk associated with each factor alone (Pinteraction = 0.30). Limitations of this study include the self-report of diet information and possible bias resulting from inclusion of highly educated participants with available genetic data.
conclusionsThese data provide evidence for the independent associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes and suggest that a healthy diet is associated with lower diabetes risk across all levels of genetic risk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.