ArticleFamily practice2022
A 2-item version of the Japanese Consultation and Relational Empathy measure: a pilot study using secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey in primary care.
Article in Family practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing perceived empathy based on genetic counselor gender using a randomized, hypothetical prenatal genetic counseling scenario design.Journal of genetic counseling · 2025Trial
- Article
- Patients' knowledge influences practice via attitudes toward hyperuricaemia: a mediation analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of the 2-item version compared with the 10-item version of the Japanese consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: primary analysis of a cross-sectional survey.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards knee osteoarthritis: a regional study in Chinese patients.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure is a patient-reported measure of physician empathy which is widely used internationally. The Japanese version of the CARE measure has very high internal reliability, suggesting that a shorter version may have adequate validity and reliability.
objectiveTo investigate a valid shorter version of the Japanese CARE measure.
methodsWe conducted a pilot study using secondary analysis of previous data obtained from 9 general practitioners and 252 patients and used to develop the Japanese CARE measure. All 1,023 possible combinations of the Japanese CARE items (n = 1-10) were candidates for the short measure. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and the correlations between candidate short questionnaires and the original questionnaire were calculated. After selecting the most valid short questionnaire, inter-rater reliability was determined using generalizability theory, and construct validity (Spearman's rho) was determined using patient satisfaction.
resultsTwo items were selected for a pilot shorter version: item 6 "Showing care and compassion" and item 9 "Helping you to take control." These showed high internal consistency and correlations with the 10-item measure (Cronbach's alpha = 0.920, correlation = 0.979). Forty-five questionnaires per doctor allowed us to reliably differentiate between practitioners. The construct validity for the pilot short measure was high (Spearman's rho 0.706, P < 0.001).
conclusionWe generated a pilot 2-item version of the Japanese CARE measure. This pilot 2-item version provides a basis for future validation studies of short CARE measures in other languages.
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