ReviewCerebellum (London, England)2022
Cerebellar Representations of Errors and Internal Models.
Review in Cerebellum (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Execution, imitation and observation of naturalistic actions in autistic children and adolescents: a systematic review of fMRI studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of neuromodulation techniques on pain and depression in patients with phantom limb pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Subthreshold violations of trajectory predictions are sensitive to TMS of cerebellum Crus I/II.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Modeling framework disentangles cerebellar mechanisms in speech feedback control, revealing trade-offs reshaped by degeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biochemical Pathways of Neuroplasticity in Sport Skill Acquisition: From Neuroscience to Coaching Practice.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Topographical Relationship in the Mesodiencephalic Projection to the Inferior Olive Linked With Cerebellar Hemispheric Lobules in Mice.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- Consensus Paper: Models of Cerebellar Functions.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Even with exposure to errors, motor imagery cannot update internal models.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Cerebellar control of targeted tongue movements.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Emergent Aspects of the Integration of Sensory and Motor Functions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Post-COVID breathlessness: a mathematical model of respiratory processing in the brain.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- Cerebellar Functions Beyond Movement and Learning.Annual review of neuroscience · 2024Review
- An internal model for canceling self-generated sensory input in freely behaving electric fish.Neuron · 2023Article
- Excitatory nucleo-olivary pathway shapes cerebellar outputs for motor control.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
After decades of study, a comprehensive understanding of cerebellar function remains elusive. Several hypotheses have been put forward over the years, including that the cerebellum functions as a forward internal model. Integrated into the forward model framework is the long-standing view that Purkinje cell complex spike discharge encodes error information. In this brief review, we address both of these concepts based on our recordings of cerebellar Purkinje cells over the last decade as well as newer findings from the literature. During a high-dimensionality tracking task requiring continuous error processing, we find that complex spike discharge provides a rich source of non-error signals to Purkinje cells, indicating that the classical error encoding role ascribed to climbing fiber input needs revision. Instead, the simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells carries robust predictive and feedback signals of performance errors, as well as kinematics. These simple spike signals are consistent with a forward internal model. We also show that the information encoded in the simple spike is dynamically adjusted by the complex spike firing. Synthesis of these observations leads to the hypothesis that complex spikes convey behavioral state changes, possibly acting to select and maintain forward models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.