ArticleAmerican journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
Bilingualism as a Contributor to Cognitive Reserve: What it Can do and What it Cannot do.
Article in American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Burden of Epilepsy: The Contribution of Seizures (AES 2025 Presidential Symposium).Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Selective cognitive effects of multilingualism emerge in visuospatial working memory in later life.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults: Roadmap and Milestones towards the Implementation of Preventive Strategies.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Translational Approaches to Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research.Translational issues in psychological science · 2023Article
- Bilingualism and Structural Network Organization in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Resilience in Neurologic Disease.Neurology · 2023Observational
- Music Engagement as a Source of Cognitive Reserve.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasReview
- Intervention and Prevention of Dementia in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasReview
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
In the absence of effective pharmacological interventions for the prevention of dementia, attention has turned to lifestyle factors that contribute to cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve cannot prevent the occurrence of disease, the trajectory is different for high reserve and low reserve patients, giving more time for independent living to high reserve individuals. We argue that lifelong bilingual experience meets the criteria for an experience that confers cognitive reserve, although neural reserve, a related concept, is more difficult to validate. Bilingual patients show symptoms at a later stage of disease and decline more rapidly than comparable monolingual patients. These patterns are considered in terms of evidence from behavioural, imaging and epidemiological studies. Finally, the role of bilingualism in protecting against symptoms of some forms of dementia are discussed in the context of other protective factors and the limits of this reserve approach in dealing with the consequences of dementia.
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