ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2022
Time Rules the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Photodynamic Therapy.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of photodynamic therapy and immune response from 1989-2023.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Photodynamic therapy: research progress and paradigm evolution from mechanism innovation to clinical breakthrough in cancers.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Photo- and Immunotherapy Interface: Can Dendritic Cell Vaccines Overcome the Limitations of PDT?Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Photodynamic therapy remodels cutaneous tumor immunity: innate priming, suppressive feedback, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A smart amphiphilic nanoplatform amplifies ROS-mediated immunogenic cell death to suppress bladder cancer growth and metastasis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Synergy between photonics and biological approaches-A review of combination therapies for cancer theranostics.APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Photodynamic priming with red light triggers adaptive immune responses in a pancreatic cancer mouse model.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2025Article
- Single-Component Dual-Functional Autoboost Strategy by Dual Photodynamic and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition for Lung Cancer and Spinal Metastasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Docetaxel-loaded pH/ROS dual-responsive nanoparticles with self-supplied ROS for inhibiting metastasis and enhancing immunotherapy of breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems for cancer treatment: Current status and clinical potential.Bioactive materials · 2023Review
- Immuno-photodynamic Therapy (IPDT): Organic Photosensitizers and Their Application in Cancer Ablation.JACS Au · 2023Review
- Anti-tumor immunity enhancement by photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium and anti-programmed death 1 antibody.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Combinatorial therapeutic approaches of photodynamic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade for colon cancer treatment.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Article
- Time Rules the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Photodynamic Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Prodrugs of paclitaxel improve in situ photo-vaccination.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lack of adequate effector T cells infiltrated in tumor is one of the main problems in the failure of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced acute inflammation can sensitize tumors and activate T cells, thus assisting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) against tumor growth and metastasis. T cells maturation and activation lag 3 to 7 days behind PDT. However, such timing in the combination therapy of ICI and PDT is commonly ignored in designing numerous multi-functional integrated nanomedicines. Herein, the authors illustrate that intervention timing of ICI after PDT affects the anti-tumor efficacy. A tumor-targeting nanomedicine is prepared by encapsulating indocyanine green into CD44 specifically binding material, a hyaluronic acid conjugated lipid poly(ethylene glycol). The PDT nanomedicine is designed to induce a robust immune response in tumor. The optimal group (Combo-STAR), ICI gave 5 days after PDT, significantly suppresses local tumor growth and eliminates metastasis. What should be highlighted is the time point of administration because if ICI is given too early, T cells are immature, otherwise, T cells are exhausted if ICI is given too late. This work presents theoretical guidance for raising awareness of intervention timing when augmenting ICBT with immune response inducers in clinic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.