ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2022
Concentrations of psychoactive substances in blood samples from non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses.
Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Response to comment on "The role of prescribed opioids in Norwegian overdose deaths in 2005-2021".European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Advancements in toxicological risk assessment: integrating Ferguson's principle, computational models, and drug safety guidelines, a comprehensive framework for improving risk assessment and resource management in toxicology.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Alcohol Use among Young Women in Kampala City: Comparing Self-Reported Survey Data with Presence of Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Metabolite.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Concentrations of psychoactive substances in blood samples from non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe primary aim was to compare concentrations of psychoactive substances in blood in non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses. The secondary aim was to assess the concentration levels of naloxone in blood in non-fatal overdoses and the association between naloxone findings and concomitantly detected drugs. METHOD
designCase-control study.
settingNorway. Fatal overdoses from 2017 and non-fatal overdoses from February 2018 to September 2019. CASES: Thirty-one non-fatal and 160 fatal opioid overdose cases. Data from the non-fatal overdoses were collected from hospital records and blood samples, and data from the fatal overdoses were collected from autopsy reports. Concentrations of psychoactive substances (including ethanol) in blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission for the non-fatal overdoses and during autopsy for the fatal overdoses.
resultsThe median number of different substances detected was four for fatal and five for non-fatal overdoses. The fatal overdoses had higher pooled concentrations of opioids (188 vs 57.2 ng/mL, P < .001), benzodiazepines (5467 vs 2051 ng/mL, P = .005) and amphetamines (581 vs 121 ng/mL, P < .001) than the non-fatal overdoses. A linear relationship between naloxone and concomitant pooled opioid concentrations was found (95% confidence interval = 0.002-0.135, P < .05).
conclusionThe total load of drug concentrations was associated with the fatal outcome of an overdose, while the number of drugs used, to a lesser extent, differentiated between those who survived and those who died from an overdose. Higher opioid concentrations were associated with treatment with higher naloxone doses.
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