ArticleActa biomaterialia2022
In vivo stiffness measurement of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis using broadband Rayleigh-wave optical coherence elastography.
Article in Acta biomaterialia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Reusable and Soft Self-Adhesive Epidermal Electrodes for Human Skin Enabled by Functional Additives.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Super-resolution wave-dispersion analysis in optical coherence elastography using multiple signal classification (MUSIC).Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Inclusion Boundary Identification Using Wave Propagation in Optical Coherence Elastography.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- Transforming static interfaces into tactile channels with steerable transdermal foci.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mechanobiology of the tumor microenvironment: a review of therapeutic interactions and in vitro elasticity measurement techniques.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Simple non-invasive in vivo measurement of stress difference in the skin.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Article
- A periplasmic layer formed by an outer membrane lipoprotein governs the cell-envelope integrity and stiffness of Leptospira interrogans.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Mathematical Modeling of Photoplethysmography: Model Assessment and Validation.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Article
- Depth-resolved phase velocity estimation in layered tissue based on an efficient additive attention network with surface acoustic wave - optical coherence elastography.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Melt Electrowriting High Resolution Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A Low-Cost Laser Interferometric Elastography System for Skin Elasticity Measurement.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spherical Skin Model: Stratified Co-Culture of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes on Spherical Beads Toward Compound Screening.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Deformation Driven Suction Cups: A Mechanics-Based Approach to Wearable Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Finite element modeling of inter-individual variation in soft tissue mechanical response to localized pressure.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Article
- Advancing the Development of Subcutaneous Glucose Biosensors: Cargo-Carrying Adhesive Biosensor Systems (CABs).Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Comprehensive characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic properties of arterial tissues using guided-wave optical coherence elastography.Communications physics · 2026Article
- Hierarchical Porous Egg White Hydrogel Promotes Diabetic Wound Closure through Topography-Guided Cell Recruitment.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traveling-wave optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a promising technique to measure the stiffness of biological tissues. While OCE has been applied to relatively homogeneous samples, tissues with significantly varying elasticity through depth pose a challenge, requiring depth-resolved measurement with sufficient resolution and accuracy. Here, we develop a broadband Rayleigh-wave OCE technique capable of measuring the elastic moduli of the 3 major skin layers (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) reliably by analyzing the dispersion of leaky Rayleigh surface waves over a wide frequency range of 0.1-10 kHz. We show that a previously unexplored, high frequency range of 4-10 kHz is critical to resolve the thin epidermis, while a low frequency range of 0.2-1 kHz is adequate to probe the dermis and deeper hypodermis. We develop a dual bilayer-based inverse model to determine the elastic moduli in all 3 layers and verify its high accuracy with finite element analysis and skin-mimicking phantoms. Finally, the technique is applied to measure the forearm skin of healthy volunteers. The Young's modulus of the epidermis (including the stratum corneum) is measured to be ∼ 4 MPa at 4-10 kHz, whereas Young's moduli of the dermis and hypodermis are about 40 and 15 kPa, respectively, at 0.2-1 kHz. Besides dermatologic applications, this method may be useful for the mechanical analysis of various other layered tissues with sub-mm depth resolution. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first study that resolves the stiffness of the thin epidermis from the dermis and hypodermis, made possible by using high-frequency (4 - 10 kHz) elastic waves and optical coherence elastography. Beyond the skin, this technique may be useful for mechanical characterizations of various layered biomaterials and tissues.
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