ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2022
Immuno-metabolic profile of patients with psychotic disorders and metabolic syndrome. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates for psychotic symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve patients with bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of amisulpride on mammalian macrophages.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Inflammation, childhood trauma, and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: a path-analysis study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammatory Loop in Schizophrenia, Is There a Relationship with Symptoms or Cognition Decline?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Psychotic Disorders Using Artificial Intelligence Methods: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Association of cytokines levels, psychopathology and cognition among CR-TRS patients with metabolic syndrome.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Impact of Childhood Adversity, as Early Life Distress, on Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent and harmful medical disorder often comorbid with psychosis where it can contribute to cardiovascular complications. As immune dysfunction is a key shared component of both MetS and schizophrenia (SZ), this study investigated the relationship between immune alterations and MetS in patients with SZ, whilst controlling the impact of confounding clinical characteristics including psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities, history of childhood maltreatment and psychotropic treatments. Method: A total of 310 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for SZ or schizoaffective disorders (SZA), with or without MetS, were systematically assessed and included in the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia (FACE-SZ) cohort. Detailed clinical characteristics of patients, including psychotic symptomatology, psychiatric comorbidities and history of childhood maltreatment were recorded and the serum levels of 18 cytokines were measured. A penalized regression method was performed to analyze associations between inflammation and MetS, whilst controlling for confounding factors. Results: Of the total sample, 25% of patients had MetS. Eight cytokines were above the lower limit of detection (LLOD) in more than 90% of the samples and retained in downstream analysis. Using a conservative Variable Inclusion Probability (VIP) of 75%, we found that elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-12/23 p40 and IL-16 and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were associated with MetS. As for clinical variables, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of SZ (not SZA), age at the first episode of psychosis (FEP), alcohol abuse, current tobacco smoking, and treatment with antidepressants and anxiolytics were all associated with MetS. Conclusion: We have identified five cytokines associated with MetS in SZ suggesting that patients with psychotic disorders and MetS are characterized by a specific "immuno-metabolic" profile. This may help to design tailored treatments for this subgroup of patients with both psychotic disorders and MetS, taking one more step towards precision medicine in psychiatry.
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