ArticleBMC ophthalmology2022
Prevalence of dry eye disease among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye disease among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward dry eye disease management.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Emerging Age-Specific Therapeutic Approaches for Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Symptomatic dry eye disease and associated factors among postgraduate students at Hawassa University, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the quality of educational short videos on dry eye care: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Effect of Four Hours of Continuous Personal Computer (PC) Gaming on the Development of Dry Eye Symptoms in College Students.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Article
- Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms, associated factors and impact on quality of life among medical students during the pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effect of Acupuncture on Tear Proteomics in Patients with Video Display Terminal-Related Dry Eye.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Dry Eye Parameters.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated factors for self-reported symptoms of dry eye among Thai school children during the COVID-19 outbreak.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- The ocular symptoms and signs during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and relevant risk factors among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020, and 4825 high school students from nine high schools in Shanghai were recruited. All students completed ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaires and answered other questions designed to ascertain information on the risk factors related to DED. DED was diagnosed when OSDI scores were greater than or equal to 13. The prevalence of symptomatic DED was determined. A T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the possible risk factors.
resultsThe prevalence of symptomatic DED among Chinese high school students was 70.5%. In univariate analysis, higher PSS scores (P<0.001), prolonged video display terminal (VDT) use (P<0.001), wearing contact lenses (P=0.001), poor sleep quality (P<0.001), and being female (P<0.001) were significantly correlated with dry eyes. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher PSS scores (P<0.001, OR=1.20), prolonged VDT use (P<0.001, OR=1.07), poor sleep quality (P<0.001, OR=1.84), and being female (P=0.001, OR=1.25) were significant risk factors associated with DED.
conclusionsDue to the epidemic, most Chinese high school students are in a high-risk environment in which they are more likely to suffer from DED, such as long online courses and heavy stress from school. Relevant preventive measures that may have a positive impact on public health and quality of life for high school students should be brought to the forefront.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.