Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35468129›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022

Infection intensity-dependent accuracy of reagent strip for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium and estimation of treatment prevalence thresholds.

Carla M Grolimund, Oliver Bärenbold, Christoph F Hatz, Birgitte J Vennervald, Charles Mayombana, Hassan Mshinda, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Carla M GrolimundSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Oliver BärenboldSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Christoph F HatzSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Birgitte J VennervaldDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Charles MayombanaIfakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Hassan MshindaIfakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Jürg UtzingerSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Penelope VounatsouSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4904-5352
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHIfakara Health Institute · TZUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReagent strip to detect microhematuria as a proxy for Schistosoma haematobium infections has been considered an alternative to urine filtration for individual diagnosis and community-based estimates of treatment needs for preventive chemotherapy. However, the diagnostic accuracy of reagent strip needs further investigation, particularly at low infection intensity levels.

methodsWe used existing data from a study conducted in Tanzania that employed urine filtration and reagent strip testing for S. haematobium in two villages, including a baseline and six follow-up surveys after praziquantel treatment representing a wide range of infection prevalence. We developed a Bayesian model linking individual S. haematobium egg count data based on urine filtration to reagent strip binary test results available on multiple days and estimated the relation between infection intensity and sensitivity of reagent strip. Furthermore, we simulated data from 3,000 hypothetical populations with varying mean infection intensity to infer on the relation between prevalence observed by urine filtration and the interpretation of reagent strip readings. PRINCIPAL

findingsReagent strip showed excellent sensitivity even for single measurement reaching 100% at around 15 eggs of S. haematobium per 10 ml of urine when traces on reagent strip were considered positive. The corresponding specificity was 97%. When traces were considered negative, the diagnostic accuracy of the reagent strip was equivalent to urine filtration data obtained on a single day. A 10% and 50% urine filtration prevalence based on a single day sampling corresponds to 11.2% and 48.6% prevalence by reagent strip, respectively, when traces were considered negative, and 17.6% and 57.7%, respectively, when traces were considered positive. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Trace results should be included in reagent strip readings when high sensitivity is required, but excluded when high specificity is needed. The observed prevalence of reagent strip results, when traces are considered negative, is a good proxy for prevalence estimates of S. haematobium infection by urine filtration on a single day.

Indexed as

Schistosoma haematobiumSchistosomiasis haematobiaAnimalsBayes TheoremFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceReagent StripsReagent Strips

Identifiers

PMID35468129
PMCPMC9071146
OpenAlexW4224869280

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.