ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
Cutaneous Microbiome Profiles Following Chlorhexidine Treatment in a 72-Hour Daily Follow-Up Paired Design: a Pilot Study.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short- and long-term impact of aseptic bathing strategies on the skin microbiome in ICU patients.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal analysis of the hand microbiome in response to chlorine-based antiseptic use during a military field exercise.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Long-Term Daily Chlorhexidine Foot Cleansing Reduces Staphylococcal Burden on the Feet of People with Prior Diabetic Foot Complications.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Establishing anmSphere · 2025Article
- Exploring the skin mycobiome in intensive care patients: a pilot study on fungal diversity from axillary and groin swabs.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Optimisation of cutaneous microbiota sampling methodology.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Article
- Community assembly of the human piercing microbiome.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Oral microbiomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE): a comparative pilot study of IE patients, patients at risk for IE and healthy controls.Journal of oral microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Venous catheter-related bloodstream infections represent a significant problem in the United States. Our objective was to determine daily changes in skin microbiome profiles up to 72h postchlorhexidine treatment. Left and right forearm skin swab samples were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers over 72h at 24h intervals. Dorsal surface of left arm was treated with chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) at initial time point (T = 0), while the right arm remained untreated (control). Swab samples were obtained shortly before (T = 0) and after CHG treatment (T = 24-48-72h). Bacterial DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene V1-V3 sequencing and taxonomic annotation were performed using ZymoBIOMICS pipeline. PERMANOVA, linear discriminant and bacterial interaction network analyses were performed. A total of 13 total phyla, 273 genera, and 950 total species were detected across all time points, CHG-treated or CHG-untreated. Most abundant species included Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Rothia Mucilaginosa. Low biomass-related inconsistent taxa detection was observed. PERMANOVA suggested a marginal difference between CHG-treated and CHG-untreated microbiome profiles (Genera: P(perm) = 0.0531; Species: P(perm) = 0.0450). Bacterial interaction network guided PERMANOVA analyses detected a microbiome change over time, suggesting a consistent CHG treatment-specific change. LEfSe identified Finegoldia magna, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thermoamylovorans as the only distinctive species. These species were more abundant and/or present post-CHG treatment in the CHG-treated group. These findings suggest that the skin microbiome was not significantly different 24, 48, or 72h after CHG treatment. Previous culture-based studies have found similar results after 24h. Future studies will be needed to determine the mechanisms of bacterial regrowth after CHG treatment.
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