ArticleExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2022
Lipocalin-2, S100A8/A9, and cystatin C: Potential predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19.
Article in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated level of circulating calprotectin correlates with severity and high mortality in patients with COVID-19.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Liquid Biopsy-Multiomics Link Adhesion Pathway Dysregulation to Kidney Injury Severity.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Kidney Biomarkers, Inflammation, Severity, and Mortality Due to COVID-19-A Two-Timepoint Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MixOmics Integration of Biological Datasets Identifies Highly Correlated Variables of COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Some Zoonotic Antigens May Help Combat Unknown Pathogens: Forming the Puzzle from the Evidences in the COVID Era.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Dangerous Mix for Bone Turnover and Metabolism Biomarkers in Placenta and Colostrum.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin independently predicts dialysis need and mortality in critical COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- S100a8/A9 proteins: critical regulators of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of a tailored exercise regimen on physical capacity and plasma proteome profile in post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection induces expression and secretion of lipocalin-2 and regulates iron in a human lung cancer xenograft model.BMB reports · 2023Article
- Circulating H-FABP as a biomarker of frailty in patients with chronic heart failure.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Plasma Galectin-3 and H-FABP correlate with poor physical performance in patients with congestive heart failure.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between septic shock and venous thromboembolism: a bioinformatics and immunoassay analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Application of weighted gene co-expression network and immune infiltration for explorations of key genes in the brain of elderly COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Serum interleukin 1β and sP-selectin as biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis, could they be predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 Egyptian patients? (a cross-sectional study).Thrombosis journal · 2022Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection- induced growth factors play differential roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis.Life sciences · 2022Article
- TFPI and FXIII negatively and S100A8/A9 and Cystatin C positively correlate with D-dimer in COVID-19.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infection often leads to systemic inflammation accompanied by cardiovascular complications including venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is largely undefined if inflammatory markers such as lipocalin-2 (LNC2), calprotectin (S100A8/A9), and cystatin C (CST3), previously linked with VTE, play roles in cardiovascular complications and advancement of COVID-19 severity. To investigate the same, hospitalized moderate and severe (presented pneumonia and required intensive care) COVID-19 patients were recruited. The levels of plasma LNC2, S100A8/A9, CST3, myoglobin, and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The investigation revealed a significantly upregulated level of plasma LNC2 at the moderate stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, the levels of S100A8/A9 and CST3 in moderate patients were comparable to healthy controls; however, a profound induction was observed only in severe COVID-19 patients. The tissue injury marker myoglobin was unchanged in moderate patients; however, a significantly elevated level was observed in the critically ill COVID-19 patients. In contrast, cTnI level was unchanged both in moderate and severe patients. Analysis revealed a positive correlation between the levels of S100A8/A9 and CST3 with myoglobin in COVID-19. In silico analysis predicted interactions of S100A8/A9 with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), MyD88 LY96, and LCN2 with several other inflammatory mediators including MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, and interleukins (IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10). In summary, early induction of LCN2 likely plays a role in advancing the COVID-19 severity. A positive correlation of S100A8/A9 and CST3 with myoglobin suggests that these proteins may serve as predictive biomarkers for thromboembolism and tissue injury in COVID-19.
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