ArticleRheumatology advances in practice2022
Development of the Warwick Axial Spondyloarthritis faTigue and Energy questionnaire (WASTEd)-a new patient-reported outcome measure.
Article in Rheumatology advances in practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Instruments for measuring fatigue in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic review of measurement properties.RMD open · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying axial spondyloarthritis flares using the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASiQoL) patient-reported outcome measure via an online portal: the FASTER study protocol.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Review
- An international collaborative study to co-produce a patient-reported outcome measure of cardiac arrest survivorship and health-related quality of life (CASHQoL): A protocol for developing the long-form measure.Resuscitation plus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to co-produce and test a potential new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), the Warwick Axial Spondyloarthritis faTigue and Energy questionnaire (WASTEd), providing vital qualitative confirmation of conceptual relevance, clarity and acceptability. Methods: Informed by measurement theory, we collaborated with patient partners throughout a three-stage, iterative process of PROM development. In stage 1, informed by patient interviews, reviews exploring patients' fatigue experiences and existing PROMs of fatigue, an initial measurement framework of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) fatigue and energy and candidate items were defined. In stage 2, the relevance and acceptability of the measurement framework and candidate items were assessed qualitatively by focus group participants. In stage 3, patients participated in pre-testing interviews to assess item comprehensiveness, relevance, acceptability and comprehensibility. Results: Stage 1 informed the development of an initial five-domain measurement framework with 59 candidate items. In stage 2, five patients and seven health-care professionals participated in four focus groups to derive a 40-item model of fatigue and energy. Collaborative engagement with patient research partners supported refinement of questionnaire structure and content further. Pre-testing with ten patients across two interview rounds in stage 3 produced a four-domain, 30-item long-form questionnaire. Conclusion: An active collaboration with patients and health-care professionals has supported the co-production of a potential new PROM of axSpA fatigue, underpinned by strong evidence of face and content validity. The WASTEd extends the assessment of fatigue beyond severity, highlighting the importance of symptom frequency, energy and self-management. Future research will involve psychometric evaluation, supporting item reduction, structural refinement and confirmation of PROM validity.
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