SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2022
The Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review of the Most Used Quantitative Measurement Methods of Cognitive Reserve for Aging.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Epidemiology and Outcomes Associated with Cognitive Frailty and Reserve in a Stroke Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Complex, but not simple, motor tasks assessment improves detection of motor-cognitive interaction in midlife.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Cognitive Reserve in rural and urban populations: Insights from two aging cohorts in southern India.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- The Contribution of Cognitive Reserve to Mental Health Against Adversarial Life Events in a Large Cross-Sectional Sample of Japanese People.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Multidimensional cognitive reserve and cognitive outcomes in glioblastoma: a pre- and postoperative analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Moderating effect of the domains of the cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) on longitudinal change slopes in episodic memory across the cognitive aging continuum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of multi-miRNA models from donor-matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid as candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease prediction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- One Year After Mild COVID-19: Emotional Distress but Preserved Cognition in Healthcare Workers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between trait curiosity and cognitive reserve in younger and older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical, social, molecular, and genetic predictors of cognitive resilience in long-living adults without dementia.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for assessment and management of mild neurocognitive disorder.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Beyond traditional proxies: the contribution of leisure to cognitive reserve and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lifelong learning dimensions and their associations with late-life cognitive decline: moderating roles of socioeconomic status and early life education.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Intersectionality of gender with social determinants of health and asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Physical reserve and its underpinning functional neural networks moderate the relationship between white matter hyperintensity and postural balance in older adults with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val/Met polymorphism and cognitive reserve for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Longitudinal validation of cognitive reserve proxy measures: a cohort study in a rural Chinese community.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- Elucidating Multimodal Imaging Patterns in Accelerated Brain Aging: Heterogeneity through a Discriminant Analysis Approach Using the UK Biobank Dataset.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- AI-assisted neurocognitive assessment protocol for older adults with psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cognitive reserve (CR) is widely accepted as the active ability to cope with brain damage, using preexisting cognitive and compensatory processes. The common CR proxies used are the number of formal years of education, intelligence quotient (IQ) or premorbid functioning, occupation attainment, and participation in leisure activities. More recently, it has employed the level of literacy and engagement in high-level cognitive demand of professional activities. This study aims to identify and summarize published methodologies to assess the CR quantitatively. We searched for published studies on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science between September 2018 and September 2021. We only included those studies that characterized the CR assessment methodology. The search strategy identified 1,285 publications, of which 25 were included. Most of the instruments targeted proxies individually. The lack of a gold standard tool that incorporates all proxies and cognitive tests highlights the need to develop a more holistic battery for the quantitative assessment of CR. Further studies should focus on a quantitative methodology that includes all these proxies supported by normative data to improve the use of CR as a valid measure in clinical contexts.
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