ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis Induced by Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Occurrence and Mechanism.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-related adverse events associated with nab-paclitaxel/paclitaxel combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- A nomogram model for predicting the risk of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Trial
- Article
- Article
- Spatial immune profiling of local tissues and its correlation with peripheral blood cytokines in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients with immune-related pneumonitis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Toxicity related to immunotherapy in urothelial cancer: Tumour genetic risk variants.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- Preliminary exploration of the role of CD8Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Narrative review of the similarities and differences between immune checkpoint inhibitor- and antibody-drug conjugate-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- [Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis : Differential diagnosis strategies].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome: a novel strategy for improving immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Nomogram-based prediction of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Bronchial artery infusion of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy improves progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Global Disproportionality Analysis of Adverse Event Reports on Interstitial Lung Diseases for Cancer-Targeted Therapies, 1968-2024.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Machine learning for identifying risk factors of nosocomial infection in cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Increased reporting of interstitial pneumonitis with combined EGFR-TKI and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy in NSCLC: a pharmacovigilance analysis of 67,818 reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Incidence and risk factors of infections in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy: a real-world retrospective study.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpointty inhibitors (ICIs), particularly those targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), enhance the antitumor effect by restoring the function of the inhibited effector T cells and produce durable responses in a large variety of metastatic and late patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Although often well tolerated, the activation of the immune system results in side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect multiple organ systems, including the lungs. The occurrence of severe pulmonary irAEs, especially checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), is rare but has extremely high mortality and often overlaps with the respiratory symptoms and imaging of primary tumors. The development of CIP may be accompanied by radiation pneumonia and infectious pneumonia, leading to the simultaneous occurrence of a mixture of several types of inflammation in the lungs. However, there is a lack of authoritative diagnosis, grading criteria and clarified mechanisms of CIP. In this article, we review the incidence and median time to onset of CIP in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in clinical studies. We also summarize the clinical features, potential mechanisms, management and predictive biomarkers of CIP caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.