ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Promoter Binding and Nuclear Retention Features of Zebrafish IRF Family Members in IFN Response.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic response of lumpfish (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Zebrafish HERC7c Acts as an Inhibitor of Fish IFN Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- LGP2 is essential for zebrafish survival through dual regulation of IFN antiviral response.iScience · 2022Article
- Function conservation and disparities of zebrafish and human LGP2 genes in fish and mammalian cells responsive to poly(I:C).Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) constitute a family of transcription factors that synchronize interferon (IFN) antiviral response through translocating to nucleus and binding to the promoters of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Fish contain 11 IRF members; however, whether or how fish IRF family genes function in IFN response remains limited. Herein, we determine the regulatory roles of 11 zebrafish IRF family members in IFN response relevant to their subcellular localization and promoter binding. Zebrafish IRF family members display three patterns of constitutive localization, only in nucleus (IRF1/2/9/11), only in cytoplasm (IRF3/5/7), and largely in nucleus with small amounts in cytoplasm (IRF4b/6/8/10). DNA pull-down assays confirm that all zebrafish IRF proteins are capable to bind fish IFN promoters, albeit to various degrees, thus regulating IFN gene transcription as activators (IRF1/3/5/6/7/8/9/11) or repressors (IRF2/4b/10). Further characterization of distinct IFN gene activation reveals that IRF1/3/5/6/7/8/9/11 efficiently stimulate zebrafish IFNφ1 expression, and IRF1/7/11 are responsible for zebrafish IFNφ3 expression. Two conserved basic residues within the helix α3 of DNA binding domains (DBDs) contribute to constitutive or inducible nuclear import for all zebrafish IRF family members and DNA binding for most members, thereby enabling them to function as transcription factors. Our results reveal a conserved and general mechanism that specifies zebrafish IRF family proteins to nuclear import and DNA binding, thereby regulating fish IFN response.
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