ArticleBMC plant biology2022
Vascular function of the T3/modern clade WUSCHEL-Related HOMEOBOX transcription factor genes predate apical meristem-maintenance function.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal GWAS and QTL mapping of UAV-derived digital canopy height reveals stage-specific genetic effects in bread wheat.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Evolution of molecular networks underlying plant tissue patterning: insights from conducting tissues.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Newly found functions and regulatory networks of WOX family: what else does the WOX say?Planta · 2026Review
- WUSCHEL in forest trees: evolutionary organizer, vascular architect, and totipotency switch.Plant molecular biology · 2026Review
- Article
- A transcriptional roadmap of the yearly growth cycle in Populus trees.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- The rise of CLAVATA: evidence for CLAVATA3 and WOX signaling in the fern gametophyte.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Spatial regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression revealed by spatial transcriptomic analysis in the water fernFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Efficient gene editing of a model fern species through gametophyte-based transformation.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Cytokinin and ALOG proteins regulate pluripotent stem cell identity in the mossScience advances · 2024Article
- Auxin Involvement in Ceratopteris Gametophyte Meristem Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Functional Modules in the Meristems: "Tinkering" in Action.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Deep origin and gradual evolution of transporting tissues: Perspectives from across the land plants.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- How was apical growth regulated in the ancestral land plant? Insights from the development of non-seed plants.Plant physiology · 2022Review
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPlants have the lifelong ability to generate new organs due to the persistent functioning of stem cells. In seed plants, groups of stem cells are housed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), root apical meristem (RAM), and vascular cambium (VC). In ferns, a single shoot stem cell, the apical cell, is located in the SAM, whereas each root initiates from a single shoot-derived root initial. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family transcription factors play important roles to maintain stem-cell identity. WOX genes are grouped phylogenetically into three clades. The T3WOX/modern clade has expanded greatly in angiosperms, with members functioning in multiple meristems and complex developmental programs. The model fern Ceratopteris richardii has only one well-supported T3WOX/modern WOX gene, CrWUL. Its orthologs in Arabidopsis, AtWUS, AtWOX5, and AtWOX4, function in the SAM, RAM, and VC, respectively. Identifying the function of CrWUL will provide insights on the progenitor function and the diversification of the modern WOX genes in seed plants.
resultsTo investigate the role of CrWUL in the fern, we examined the expression and function of CrWUL and found it expresses during early root development and in vasculature but not in the SAM. Knockdown of CrWUL by RNAi produced plants with fewer roots and fewer phloem cells. When expressed in Arabidopsis cambium, CrWUL was able to complement AtWOX4 function in an atwox4 mutant, suggesting that the WOX function in VC is conserved between ferns and angiosperms. Additionally, the proposed progenitor of T3WOX genes from Selaginella kraussiana is expressed in the vasculature but not in the shoot apical meristem. In contrast to the sporophyte, the expression of CrWUL in the gametophyte exhibits a more general expression pattern and when knocked down, offered little discernable phenotypes.
conclusionsThe results presented here support the occurrence of co-option of the T3WOX/modern clade gene from the gametophyte to function in vasculature and root development in the sporophyte. The function in vasculature is likely to have existed in the progenitor of lycophyte T3WOX/modern clade genes and this function predates its SAM function found in many seed plants.
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