Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35462035›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2022

Deep neural networks learn general and clinically relevant representations of the ageing brain.

Esten H Leonardsen, Han Peng, Tobias Kaufmann, Ingrid Agartz, Ole A Andreassen, Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius, Thomas Espeseth, Hanne F Harbo, Einar A Høgestøl, Ann-Marie de Lange and 9 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Elevated HbA1c is associated with advanced brain age in severe obesity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  7. Review
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  9. Alzheimer's Disease Brain Phenotypes are Age-dependent.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Increased Brain-Age Gap in Young Adults With Psychotic Experiences.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 4 institutions in 6 countries.

Esten H LeonardsenDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: estenhl@psykologi.uio.no.
Han PengWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
Tobias KaufmannNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Germany.
Ingrid AgartzNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ole A AndreassenNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Elisabeth Gulowsen CeliusDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Thomas EspesethDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway.
Hanne F HarboDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Einar A HøgestølDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
Ann-Marie de LangeDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences-Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andre F MarquandDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Didac Vidal-PiñeiroDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
James M RoeDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Geir SelbækNorwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Øystein SørensenDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Stephen M SmithWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
Lars T WestlyeDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Thomas WolfersDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Yunpeng WangDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oslo · NOUniversity of Oxford · GBRadboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

Wellcome Trust 215698Wellcome Trust 215698/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The discrepancy between chronological age and the apparent age of the brain based on neuroimaging data - the brain age delta - has emerged as a reliable marker of brain health. With an increasing wealth of data, approaches to tackle heterogeneity in data acquisition are vital. To this end, we compiled raw structural magnetic resonance images into one of the largest and most diverse datasets assembled (n=53542), and trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict age. We achieved state-of-the-art performance on unseen data from unknown scanners (n=2553), and showed that higher brain age delta is associated with diabetes, alcohol intake and smoking. Using transfer learning, the intermediate representations learned by our model complemented and partly outperformed brain age delta in predicting common brain disorders. Our work shows we can achieve generalizable and biologically plausible brain age predictions using CNNs trained on heterogeneous datasets, and transfer them to clinical use cases.

Indexed as

BrainNeural Networks, ComputerAgingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimaging

Identifiers

PMID35462035
PMCPMC7614754
OpenAlexW3209892599

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.