ReviewContemporary clinical trials2022
Are we any WISER yet? Progress and contemporary need for smart trials to include women in coronary artery disease trials.
Review in Contemporary clinical trials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patient-physician sex concordance and outcomes in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- Sex-specific differences in the prognostic value of ischemic pre-hospital ECGs.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Barriers and solutions in women's health research and clinical care: a call to action.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Outcomes of Guideline-Recommended Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Women with Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in Fractional Flow Reserve Utilization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Appropriateness of Medical Devices Is Strongly Influenced by Sex and Gender.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Sex- and Gender-Based Approach to Chronic Conditions in Central Catalonia (Spain): A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Implementing methods in the ELEGANCE registry to increase diversity in clinical research.Journal of vascular surgery · 2024Article
- Reappraising Ischemic Heart Disease in Women.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Pathophysiology and Outcomes of Endothelium Function in Coronary Microvascular Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Multicenter Study.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite calls to ensure proportionate representation of both sexes in biomedical research, women continue to be underrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical trials. A comprehensive analysis of seven large suspected ischemic heart disease/coronary artery disease (IHD/CAD) clinical trials (PROMISE, ISCHEMIA, CIAO-ISCHEMIA, ORBITA, FAME, FAME 2 and COURAGE trial) provides understanding of contributions to barriers to enrollment of women and leads to strategies to address these barriers. Specifically, in the seven trials, enrollment of women did not exceed 27%, while numerous barriers are evident. Proposed strategies to improve women´s inclusion in clinical trials, include adding reproductive stage/estrogen status, attention to study design inclusion/exclusion criteria using female thresholds, consideration of diagnostic and intervention study design to be inclusive, increasing women and minorities in leadership positions, including sex as a biological variable (SABV) in study design and statistical analysis, and addressing social and race/ethnicity barriers. Dedicated action to actualizing these steps are needed at this time to developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies resulting in better care and improved outcomes for CVD in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.