SynthesisContact dermatitis2022
Hand hygiene and hand eczema: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Contact dermatitis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contact dermatitis caused by prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Hand hygiene and hand eczema: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Contact dermatitis · 2022Pooled it
- Public Interest in Stress-Induced Dermatologic Conditions and Psychodermatologic Disorders Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Segmented Regression Analysis.JMIR dermatology · 2026Article
- Occupational Contact Dermatitis in the Post-COVID Era: From Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiome Dysbiosis to Prevention and Precision Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Work-related health issues among pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels.Industrial health · 2026Article
- Contact Dermatitis among Hospital Cleaners in Dar es Salaam: Prevalence and Associated Factors.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Runzaozhiyang Lotion for Chronic Hand Eczema: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Hand eczema symptoms, exposures and skin care in orthodontics : A national, cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
- Hand Eczema and Facial Skin Problems - Association with Occupational Exposures among Community Care Personnel in Sweden: A Cross-sectional Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Chronic occupational paronychia secondary to digital pilonidal sinus from dog grooming.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- The association between wet work and hand eczema in the Dutch general population: Application of a job exposure matrix to the lifelines cohort study.Contact dermatitis · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of clinical characteristics and risk factors for hand eczema in the general Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels with severity of work-related hand eczema among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study.Dermatology reports · 2024Article
- The Role of the Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Hand Eczema in the Polish Female Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Hand Sanitizer Gels: Classification, Challenges, and the Future of Multipurpose Hand Hygiene Products.Toxics · 2023Review
- Occupational Skin Dermatitis among Healthcare Workers Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Dermatological impact of hand hygiene practices during COVID-19: A cross-sectional web-based survey among doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2023Article
- Questionnaire-Based Study Evaluating the Hand Hygiene Practices and the Impact of Disinfection in the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hand Skin Conditions in Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand eczema is a common inflammatory condition of the skin that has been linked to hand hygiene. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the risks of hand eczema associated with hand hygiene, including frequency of hand washing, wet work and use of alcohol hand rub. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was performed for cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies that analysed the association between hand hygiene and risk of hand eczema. Results of individual studies were presented in respective forest plots and pooled summary relative risks were estimated using a random-effects model. Forty-five studies were included in the analysis. Hand washing at least 8-10 times daily significantly increased risk of hand eczema (relative risk [RR] 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.68; p < 0.001). The risk was related to hand washing frequency, with higher pooled RR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.51-1.83; p < 0.001) with increased hand washing at least 15-20 times daily. However, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer was not significantly associated with risk of hand eczema. Given the widespread implementation of hand hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a pertinent need to understand skin care habits specific to the hands to avoid a greater incidence of hand eczema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.