Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35460019›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery2022

Explainability of deep neural networks for MRI analysis of brain tumors.

Ramy A Zeineldin, Mohamed E Karar, Ziad Elshaer, Jan Coburger, Christian R Wirtz, Oliver Burgert, Franziska Mathis-Ullrich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Deep learning for autosegmentation for radiotherapy treatment planning: State-of-the-art and novel perspectives.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ramy A ZeineldinInstitute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. Ramy.Zeineldin@Reutlingen-University.DE.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-9046
Mohamed E KararFaculty of Electronic Engineering (FEE), Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-4723
Ziad ElshaerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-5646
Jan CoburgerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-8258
Christian R WirtzDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-1813
Oliver BurgertResearch Group Computer Assisted Medicine (CaMed), Reutlingen University, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-4730
Franziska Mathis-UllrichInstitute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-5305

Funding

Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst Kairo 91705803
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeArtificial intelligence (AI), in particular deep neural networks, has achieved remarkable results for medical image analysis in several applications. Yet the lack of explainability of deep neural models is considered the principal restriction before applying these methods in clinical practice.

methodsIn this study, we propose a NeuroXAI framework for explainable AI of deep learning networks to increase the trust of medical experts. NeuroXAI implements seven state-of-the-art explanation methods providing visualization maps to help make deep learning models transparent.

resultsNeuroXAI has been applied to two applications of the most widely investigated problems in brain imaging analysis, i.e., image classification and segmentation using magnetic resonance (MR) modality. Visual attention maps of multiple XAI methods have been generated and compared for both applications. Another experiment demonstrated that NeuroXAI can provide information flow visualization on internal layers of a segmentation CNN.

conclusionDue to its open architecture, ease of implementation, and scalability to new XAI methods, NeuroXAI could be utilized to assist radiologists and medical professionals in the detection and diagnosis of brain tumors in the clinical routine of cancer patients. The code of NeuroXAI is publicly accessible at https://github.com/razeineldin/NeuroXAI .

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBrain NeoplasmsHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeural Networks, ComputerBrain gliomaComputer-aided diagnosisConvolutional neural networksExplainable AI

Identifiers

PMID35460019
PMCPMC9463287

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.