ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2022
Extracellular nucleoprotein exacerbates influenza virus pathogenesis by activating Toll-like receptor 4 and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myeloid TLR2 signaling amplifies immunopathology in influenza-infected murine neonates.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- d-amino acids restrain macrophage IL-1β release through gasdermin D acetylation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Transcriptional effects of influenza virus M1 and NP gene expression in DF-1 cells and their immunogenicity in cognate B21 chickens.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Chronic Diseases and Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Influenza, COVID-19, and Dengue: A Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Genetic Variants in the NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathway Are Associated with HIV-1/AIDS in a Northern Chinese Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Innate immune role of IL-6 in influenza a virus pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Evasion of the Antiviral Innate Immunity by PRV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- The battle between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion by cytomegalovirus.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Article
- Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Histone demethylases in the regulation of immunity and inflammation.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Influenza viral matrix 1 protein aggravates viral pathogenicity by inducing TLR4-mediated reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Inflammatory cell death: how macrophages sense neighbouring cell infection and damage.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Diverse roles of lung macrophages in the immune response to influenza A virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Host immune responses, such as those initiated by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) activation, are important for viral clearance and pathogenesis. However, little is known about the interactions of viral proteins with surface PRRs or, more importantly, the association of innate immune activation with viral pathogenesis. In this study, we showed that internal influenza virus proteins were released from infected cells. Among these proteins, nucleoprotein (NP) played a critical role in viral pathogenesis by stimulating neighboring cells through toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Through the activation of these PRRs, NP induced the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, which subsequently led to the induction of trypsin. Trypsin induced by NP increased the infectivity of influenza virus, leading to increases in viral replication and pathology upon subsequent viral infection. These results reveal the role of released NP in influenza pathogenesis and highlight the importance of the interactions of internal viral proteins with PRRs in the extracellular compartment during viral pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.