ArticleBMC pediatrics2022
Breastfed and mixed fed infants who do not consume infant cereal are at risk for inadequate iron intake:data from the feeding infants and toddlers study 2016, a cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Impact of Fortified Whole Grain Infant Cereal on the Nutrient Density of the Diet in Brazil, the UAE, and the USA: A Dietary Modeling Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccording to the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS), the percentage of older infants consuming infant cereal has declined from 72% of 6-11.9 month old infants in 2002 to 52% in 2016. This is especially concerning for breastfed and mixed fed infants because of their increased need for dietary sources of iron. This study explored the association between infant cereal consumption and nutrient intakes among breastfed and mixed fed infants.
methodsFITS 2016 is the largest cross-sectional survey of food and nutrient intakes among caregivers of children less than 4 years old in the United States. For this analysis, we evaluated 24 h dietary recalls for infants 6-11.9 months who were either breastfed (no infant formula provided, n = 296) or mixed fed (breastmilk and infant formula provided, n = 102). Infants were further categorized as infant cereal consumers or non-consumers. Nutrient intakes were compared with Adequate Intakes or Estimated Average Requirements when available. Differences between cereal consumers and non-consumers were calculated using unpaired T-tests.
resultsSignificantly fewer breastfed cereal consumers had intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for iron (19% vs. 96%) and zinc (61% vs. 16%, p < 0.0001). Additionally, significantly more breastfed cereal consumers had intakes above the Adequate Intake level for 12 other nutrients compared to non-consumers. Among mixed fed infants, significantly fewer cereal consumers had intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for iron compared to non-consumers (5% vs. 70%), but differences in other nutrients were not observed.
conclusionsAlmost all (96%) of the breastfed infants who did not consume infant cereal had inadequate iron intakes. Even among mixed fed infants, significantly fewer infant cereal consumers had inadequate iron intakes compared to non-cereal consumers. Infant cereal is an important source of iron and other key nutrients, especially for infants receiving breastmilk.
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