ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Anthropomorphic Robotic Eyes: Structural Design and Non-Verbal Communication Effectiveness.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Micro Biomimetic Eyeball for Humanoid Robots: A Visual System with High-Density Functional Integration Based on an Origami Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Development of a Virtual Robot Rehabilitation Training System for Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Observational Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Enhancing emotional expression in cat-like robots: strategies for utilizing tail movements with human-like gazes.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Emotion Recognition for Partial Faces Using a Feature Vector Technique.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper shows the structure of a mechanical system with 9 DOFs for driving robot eyes, as well as the system's ability to produce facial expressions. It consists of three subsystems which enable the motion of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows independently to the rest of the face. Due to its structure, the mechanical system of the eyeballs is able to reproduce all of the motions human eyes are capable of, which is an important condition for the realization of binocular function of the artificial robot eyes, as well as stereovision. From a kinematic standpoint, the mechanical systems of the eyeballs, eyelids, and eyebrows are highly capable of generating the movements of the human eye. The structure of a control system is proposed with the goal of realizing the desired motion of the output links of the mechanical systems. The success of the mechanical system is also rated on how well it enables the robot to generate non-verbal emotional content, which is why an experiment was conducted. Due to this, the face of the human-like robot MARKO was used, covered with a face mask to aid in focusing the participants on the eye region. The participants evaluated the efficiency of the robot's non-verbal communication, with certain emotions achieving a high rate of recognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.