ArticleViruses2022
Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection in the older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection incidence, risk factors, and antibody correlates in Belgian nursing homes residents and staff (2021-2022).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Interplay Between Viral Shedding, Age, and Symptoms in Individual Infectivity of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Households.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Personalized prediction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity after boost: a longitudinal analysis using joint modeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals at BPKIHS, Nepal.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection and the evaluation of safety precaution practice before and after vaccination among healthcare workers in South West, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Incidence and risk factors of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among vaccinated and boosted individuals.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Results of the Cologne Corona Surveillance (CoCoS) project- a cross-sectional study: survey data on risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and moderate-to-severe course in primarily immunized adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes after autumn 2022 COVID-19 booster vaccinations: a pooled analysis of national prospective cohort studies involving 7.4 million adults in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Exploring the Potential Long-term Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Protein Misfolding and Amyloid-related Conditions.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Vaccines Breakthrough Infections and Adverse Effects Reported by the Birzeit University Community in Palestine.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibody levels and breakthrough infection risk among vaccinated adults in North Lebanon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in individuals with natural, vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity: a retrospective population-based cohort study from Estonia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A study to assess the severity and risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in admitted SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individual.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- A retrospective cohort study of incidence and risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among fully vaccinated people.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection and hospitalization in individuals with comorbidities.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variants Infection in Relationship to Imaging-based Pneumonia and Clinical Outcomes.Radiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections. We included all persons ≥18 years that had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 for ≥14 days, between 1 February 2021 and 5 December 2021, in Belgium. The incidence of breakthrough infections (laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infections) was determined. Factors associated with breakthrough infections were analyzed using COX proportional hazard models. Among 8,062,600 fully vaccinated adults, we identified 373,070 breakthrough infections with an incidence of 11.2 (95%CI 11.2-11.3)/100 person years. Vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S (HR1.54, 95%CI 1.52-1.56) or ChAdOx1 (HR1.68, 95%CI 1.66-1.69) was associated with a higher risk of a breakthrough infection compared to BNT162b2, while mRNA-1273 was associated with a lower risk (HR0.68, 95%CI 0.67-0.69). A prior COVID-19-infection was protective against a breakthrough infection (HR0.23, 95%CI 0.23-0.24), as was an mRNA booster (HR0.44, 95%CI 0.43-0.45). During a breakthrough infection, those who had a prior COVID-19 infection were less likely to have COVID-19 symptoms of almost all types than naïve persons. We identified risk factors associated with breakthrough infections, such as vaccination with adenoviral-vector vaccines, which could help inform future decisions on booster vaccination strategies. A prior COVID-19 infection lowered the risk of breakthrough infections and of having symptoms, highlighting the protective effect of hybrid immunity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.