ReviewViruses2022
Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Global Prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections among Immigrants and Refugees-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus and transfusion-transmitted viral hepatitis markers among hemodialysis and thalassemia patients in the South of Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Among Healthcare Workers at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, in 2023-2024, A Cross-Sectional Descriptive-Analytical Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence Assessment of HTLV-1 and Its Related Risk Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Gonabad in 2023.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Seroprevalence and molecular detection of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 among multi -transfused patients in Sana'a City, Yemen.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Global epidemiology of HTLV: Under-reported and under-studied regions.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2025Review
- Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1/2 in Canada over 33 years: A unique contribution of blood donors to public health surveillance.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Article
- Geographic distribution, clinical epidemiology and genetic diversity of the human oncogenic retrovirus HTLV-1 in Africa, the world's largest endemic area.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of the World Health Organization is hence required.
methodsNinety-seven studies evaluating the HTLV-1 infection in low- and high-risk populations in EMRO countries were retrieved from the international electronic databases and were used to assess the epidemiological status of the infection in these countries.
resultsMost epidemiologic reports were published from Iran, with more than 50% of Iranian prisoners and around 4% of healthy individuals reported to have the infection. In Egypt, a considerable prevalence of the virus spans around 1.11% of blood donors. Foci of HTLV-1 infection are also present in some countries and require a careful epidemiological evaluation. In the other EMRO countries, a lower prevalence that does not exceed 1% was reported.
conclusionThe epidemiology and prevalence of HTLV-1 in the EMRO countries require a tight revision and update. Published studies reveal a scarce distribution of the virus in the African countries of EMRO, while a lower prevalence is denoted in the Asian countries of EMRO, except in Iran, where the prevalence is high.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.