Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35458281›Full record

ArticlePolymers2022

Partial Biodegradable Blend for Fused Filament Fabrication: In-Process Thermal and Post-Printing Moisture Resistance.

Muhammad Harris, Hammad Mohsin, Rakhshanda Naveed, Johan Potgieter, Kashif Ishfaq, Sudip Ray, Marie-Joo Le Guen, Richard Archer, Khalid Mahmood Arif

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad HarrisMassey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-2748-5282
Hammad MohsinDepartment of Polymer Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
Rakhshanda NaveedIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-9748-590X
Johan PotgieterMassey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Kashif IshfaqIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Sudip RayNew Zealand Institute for Minerals to Materials Research, Greymouth 7805, New Zealand.
Marie-Joo Le GuenScion, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3924-9703
Richard ArcherSchool of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Khalid Mahmood ArifDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SF&AT, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-9042-4509

Funding

Massey Agrifood Digital (MAF) Labs, Massey University, New Zealand. Massey University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the extensive research, the moisture-based degradation of the 3D-printed polypropylene and polylactic acid blend is not yet reported. This research is a part of study reported on partial biodegradable blends proposed for large-scale additive manufacturing applications. However, the previous work does not provide information about the stability of the proposed blend system against moisture-based degradation. Therefore, this research presents a combination of excessive physical interlocking and minimum chemical grafting in a partial biodegradable blend to achieve stability against in-process thermal and moisture-based degradation. In this regard, a blend of polylactic acid and polypropylene compatibilized with polyethylene graft maleic anhydride is presented for fused filament fabrication. The research implements, for the first time, an ANOVA for combined thermal and moisture-based degradation. The results are explained using thermochemical and microscopic techniques. Scanning electron microscopy is used for analyzing the printed blend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has allowed studying the intermolecular interactions due to the partial blending and degradation mechanism. Differential scanning calorimetry analyzes the blending (physical interlocking or chemical grafting) and thermochemical effects of the degradation mechanism. The thermogravimetric analysis further validates the physical interlocking and chemical grafting. The novel concept of partial blending with excessive interlocking reports high mechanical stability against moisture-based degradation.

Indexed as

fused deposition modelingmoisture-based degradationpellet 3D printingpolylactic acidpolypropylene

Identifiers

PMID35458281
PMCPMC9025397

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.