ArticleNutrients2022
Safety Data in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases during Treatment with High Doses of Vitamin D3 According to the "Coimbra Protocol".
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Health: Establishing Causal Relationships Through Observational Evidence and Hill's Criteria in a Biological Framework.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Review
- Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Vitamin D, the Sunshine Molecule That Makes Us Strong: What Does Its Current Global Deficiency Imply?Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D: Synthesis, deficiency, polymorphisms and resistance to its action in Latin American countriesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- Increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in gynecologic cancer patients with Post-Acute-Covid-Sequela (PASC)/Long COVID.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Rapidly Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Boosts the Immune System, against Infections-Sepsis and COVID-19.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2013, the group of Cicero Coimbra, Brazil, reported the clinical efficacy of high doses of vitamin D3 in patients suffering from autoimmune skin disorders ("Coimbra protocol", CP). However, hypercalcemia and the subsequent impaired renal function may be major concerns raised against this protocol.
methodsWe report for the first time for a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases in 319 patients (mean age (±SD) 43.3 ± 14.6 years, 65.5% female, 34.5% male) safety data for high doses of orally applied vitamin D3 (treatment period: up to 3.5 years) accompanied by a strict low-calcium diet and regular daily fluid intake of at least 2.5 L.
resultsMean vitamin D3 dose was 35,291 ± 21,791 IU per day. The measurement of more than 6100 single relevant laboratory parameters showed all mean values (±SD) within the normal range for total serum calcium (2.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), serum creatinine (0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL), serum creatinine associated estimated GFR (92.5 ± 17.3 mL/min), serum cystatin C (0.88 ± 0.19 mg/L), serum TSH (1.8 ± 1 mIU/L), and for 24 h urinary calcium secretion (6.9 ± 3.3 mmol/24 h). We found a very weak relationship between the dosage of oral vitamin D3 and the subsequent calcium levels, both in serum and in urinary excretion over 24 h, respectively.
conclusionsOur data show the reliable safety of the CP in autoimmune patients under appropriate supervision by experienced physicians.
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