ArticleNutrients2022
Lower Blood Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Population of Older Adults in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and depression in adults: A systematic review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency, depression severity, and suicide risk: evidence from patients with major depressive disorder.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Factors associated with cognitive function outcomes among older adults in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- The association of vitamin deficiency with depression risk in late-life depression: a review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Association of vitamin D deficiency with post-stroke depression: a retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX US collaborative networks.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Low serum vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatry disorders. This study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults aged 65 years and older. This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven primary healthcare centers across Kuwait (November 2020 to June 2021). The participants (n = 237) had their serum vitamin D 25-(OH)-D concentrations (analyzed by LC-MS) classified as sufficient, ≥75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL); insufficient, 50−75 nmol/L (20−30 ng/mL); or deficient, <50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item GDS). The mean serum 25-OH-D levels (nmol/L) in volunteers with normal, mild, moderate, and severe depression were 100.0 ± 31.7, 71.2 ± 38.6, 58.6 ± 30.1 and 49.0 ± 6.93, respectively (p < 0.001). The participants in the vitamin D sufficiency group were significantly less likely to exhibit depressive symptoms (88.2%) than patients with mild (36%) and moderate (21%) depression (p < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression showed that vitamin D deficiency (OR = 19.7, 95% CI 5.60, 74.86, p < 0.001) and insufficiency (OR = 6.40, 95% CI 2.20, 19.91, p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of having depressive symptoms. A low serum vitamin D level is a significant predictor of symptoms of depression among older individuals.
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Registered trials
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