ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Human Health Risk Assessment from Lead Exposure through Consumption of Raw Cow Milk from Free-Range Cattle Reared in the Vicinity of a Lead-Zinc Mine in Kabwe.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lead pollution in soils within the African mining landscapes: current status, impacts, and nature-based interventions.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Review
- Extraction, quantification and health risk assessment of bisphenol A from various kinds of packaged milk and baby bottles.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Emerging insights into the impacts of heavy metals exposure on health, reproductive and productive performance of livestock.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Factors Affecting Toxic and Essential Trace Element Concentrations in Cow's Milk Produced in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination in the environment affects both humans and animals. Chronic exposure to Pb via dietary intake of animal products such as milk from contaminated areas poses a health risk to consumers; therefore, the present study investigated Pb contamination in cow milk and its health risk impact on humans through consumption of milk from cattle reared in the proximity of a Pb−Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Fresh milk samples were collected from cows from Kang’omba (KN), Kafulamse (KF), Mpima (MP), Mukobeko (MK), and Munga (MN) farming areas. Pb determination was performed using Graphite Flame Absorption Atomic Spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Cow milk Pb levels showed different concentration patterns according to season, distance, and location of the farms from the Pb−Zn mine. The overall mean Pb levels were ranged 0.60−2.22 µg/kg and 0.50−4.24 µg/kg in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The mean Pb concentration, chronic daily intake (CDIs), target hazard quotients (THQs), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) results obtained were all within the permissible limits of 20 µg/kg, 3 and 12.5 µg/kg-BW/day, <1 and 10−4 to10−6, respectively. In conclusion, although Pb was detected in milk from cows reared in Kabwe, the health risk effects of Pb exposure associated with the consumption of milk in both adults and children were negligible.
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Registered trials
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