ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Human Excreta and Food Waste of a Typical Rural Area in China: Characteristics and Co-Fermentation.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Field-validated microbial deodorant reduces hazardous gas exposure and improves air quality in rural household toilets.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Human excreta (HE) and food waste (FW) are the primary contaminants in rural regions. Prior to treating these contaminants, mastering their properties is required. In this study, the characteristics of the HE leaving the body and FW leaving the kitchen to the subsequent respective fermentation were studied. Moreover, two kinds of co-fermentation processes for HE and FW were also investigated on the basis of mastering the properties. The results showed that, for a healthy adult, fresh feces, urine, and FW produced were about 163 g/cap/d (57.3 gCOD/cap/d), 1.6 L/cap/d (6.7 gN/cap/d), and 250 g/cap/d (35.0 gCOD/cap/d), respectively. In HE, about 75% of nitrogen and phosphorus were contained in urine. It takes at least three days for crushed FW discharged via water flushing to settle completely, and the COD removal efficiency after precipitation was around 75%. Mixing HE with FW after discharge, i.e., the initial unit of the process was 20% more efficient in fermentation than mixing after the respective pre-fermentation. This paper presents the characteristics of HE and FW and provides the optimized co-fermentation process, which provides technical support for the realization of environmental sanitation in rural areas.
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