ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Field Study of Postural Characteristics of Standing and Seated Smartphone Use.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface Electromyographic Assessment of the Cranio-Cervico-Mandibular System in Healthy Individuals with Different Head Posture Profiles During Portable Electronic Device Use.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Visually Induced Motion Sickness During Smartphone Use in Moving Metro Carriages: Effects of Posture and Viewing Duration-A Randomized Crossover Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of sEMG Biofeedback for Posture Training and Scoliosis Management.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Article
- Smartphone gaming while walking increases visual fatigue compared with standing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of smartphone use in various floor sitting positions on spinal and pelvic alignment and gluteal pressure in healthy adults.Journal of physical therapy science · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Head and Neck Posture Among Smartphone Users While Walking: Insights from Field Observations in Taipei.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Eyestrains among smartphone users while watching videos in Taipei MRT carriages: a comparison between sitting and standing postures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gender differences in neck muscle activity during near-maximum forward head flexion while using smartphones with varied postures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- User Walking Speed and Standing Posture Influence Head/Neck Flexion and Viewing Behavior While Using a Smartphone.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prior investigations have been primarily conducted in a laboratory to examine the effects of the smartphone use on the neck and head positions, whether these results are applicable to actual conditions is still unknown. This field survey thus analyzed the neck flexion (NF), head flexion (HF), gaze angle (GA), and viewing distance (VD) of smartphone users in public areas in Taipei, Taiwan. Six hundred smartphone users (300 men and 300 women) were photographed sagittally in standing, supported sitting, or unsupported sitting postures while using a smartphone. Results showed that women had significantly less NF and HF and shorter VDs than male users. Regardless of gender, higher NF was observed for standing than for sitting. Women had similar NF and HF while sitting supported and unsupported, but both were significantly lower than those while standing. By contrast, male users had higher NF and HF during unsupported sitting than during supported sitting. The NF (45°-50°) was much greater than the recommended maximum safe NF of 15°. Women may be at higher risk of visual strain because of shorter VD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.