ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Theophylline: Old Drug in a New Light, Application in COVID-19 through Computational Studies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of fasting and inflammatory challenges on the swine hepatic metabolome.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics · 2025Article
- A green marriage: the union of theophylline's catalytic activity and healing potential.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Canadian municipal wastewater and biosolids: occurrence, fate, and time trends 2010-2013 to 2022.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Carbon nanomaterials as electrochemical sensors for theophylline: a review.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect of Hydration Forms and Polymer Grades on Theophylline Controlled-Release Tablet: An Assessment and Evaluation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring theophylline-1,2,4-triazole tetheredFrontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzothiazolyl-pyridine Hybrids as New Antiviral Agents against H5N1 Bird Flu and SARS-COV-2 Viruses.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Ultra-High Adsorption Capacity of Core-Shell-Derived Magnetic Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-67 as Adsorbent for Selective Extraction of Theophylline.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Could the serum glucose/potassium ratio offer an early reliable predictor of life-threatening events in acute methylxanthine intoxication?Toxicology research · 2023Article
- Theophylline-Induced Relaxation Is Enhanced after Testosterone Treatment via Increased KInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Theophylline Attenuates BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Th17 Differentiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- One stone two birds: anti-inflammatory bronchodilators as a potential pharmacological strategy for COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The Role of IL-6 in Cancer Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis-Overview and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cells · 2022Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy of COVID-19: Summarizing the Results of 2021.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Ivermectin: A Controversial Focal Point during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Potential hepatoprotective effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- COVID-19-specific transcriptomic signature detectable in blood across multiple cohorts.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Theophylline (3-methyxanthine) is a historically prominent drug used to treat respiratory diseases, alone or in combination with other drugs. The rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic urged the development of effective pharmacological treatments to directly attack the development of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and possess a therapeutical battery of compounds that could improve the current management of the disease worldwide. In this context, theophylline, through bronchodilatory, immunomodulatory, and potentially antiviral mechanisms, is an interesting proposal as an adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, it is essential to understand how this compound could behave against such a disease, not only at a pharmacodynamic but also at a pharmacokinetic level. In this sense, the quickest approach in drug discovery is through different computational methods, either from network pharmacology or from quantitative systems pharmacology approaches. In the present review, we explore the possibility of using theophylline in the treatment of COVID-19 patients since it seems to be a relevant candidate by aiming at several immunological targets involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Theophylline down-regulates the inflammatory processes activated by SARS-CoV-2 through various mechanisms, and herein, they are discussed by reviewing computational simulation studies and their different applications and effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.