ArticleMicroorganisms2022
Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019-2020.
Article in Microorganisms, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Usutu virus promotes West Nile virus replication in Culex pipiens biotype molestus during simultaneous and sequential co-infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Shared viral burdens: Molecular evidence of Usutu virus infection and multi-arbovirus exposure in migrant and resident birds at wintering locations in Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Modelling the impact of temperature and bird migration on the spread of West Nile virus.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Cocirculation of endemic and recently introduced West Nile Virus lineage 1 clades in Southern Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- First Detection of Usutu Virus in Harbor Seals (Viruses · 2026Article
- Circulation dynamics of West Nile virus in Germany, 2023 and 2024.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Genomic surveillance indicates high site-specific heterogeneity of West Nile virus in mosquitoes in rural regions of Germany across seasons.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Multiplex serological screening of wild boar as sentinels of emerging zoonoses: HEV, WNV, and TBEV distribution in Saxony, Germany.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Modelling vector and host distributions to inform potential disease risk: A case study of West Nile virus in the United Kingdom.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- A decade of West Nile virus surveillance in the host and vector populations of Denmark, 2011 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Serological differentiation of West Nile, Usutu, and tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies in birds and horses using mutant E protein ELISAs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection of West Nile virus via retrospective mosquito arbovirus surveillance, United Kingdom, 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Cross-protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus by West Nile virus convalescent plasma.Virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Evidence of Transmission Capability in UKViruses · 2025Article
- Tracking WNV transmission with a combined dog and wild boar surveillance system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- WNV and SLEV coinfection in avian and mosquito hosts: impact on viremia, antibody responses, and vector competence.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporally Explicit Epidemic Model for West Nile Virus Outbreak in Germany: An Inversely Calibrated Approach.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- West Nile virus spread in Europe: Phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are important flaviviruses circulating in Germany. While USUV was first reported more than 10 years ago, WNV has only reached the country in 2018. Wild birds are important amplifying hosts for both viruses. Therefore, we have been monitoring the bird population in different regions of Germany by a previously established network for many years. This report summarizes the results of molecular and/or serological methods of 2345 blood samples from birds of 22 different orders and over 2900 bird carcasses from 2019 and 2020. USUV RNA circulation was found in different regions of Germany, with emphasis on USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3. Increased evidence of USUV lineage Europe 2 was detected in eastern Germany. WNV RNA was found only in birds from the eastern part of the country. The seroprevalence for USUV was between 3.11% and 7.20% in all three regions investigated, whereas the WNV seroprevalence spanned from 14.77% to 16.15% in eastern Germany, with a noticeable tendency for a westward and southward expansion in both years. Thus, wild bird monitoring for WNV and USUV can serve as an early warning system for a human exposure risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.